criminal law
most legal system find it necessary to divide crimes into categories for various purposes connected with the procedure of the courts-determining, for instance, which king of court may deal with which kind of offence. the common law originally divided crimes into two categories: 1) felonies (the graver crimes, generally punishable with death); 2) misdemeanours (for which the common law provided fines or imprisonment). the felony is a major crime, as murder, arson, rape, etc. and provides a greater punishment than for a misdemeanour. misdemeanour is any minor offence. murder. the abolition of capital punishment in england in november 1965 was welcomed by most people with humane and progressive ideas. to them it seemed a departure from feudalism, from the cruel pre-christian spirit of revenge: an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. many of these people think different now. three unarmed policemen have been killed in london by bandits who shot them down in cold blood. this crime has drawn attention to the fact that since the abolition of capital punishment crime – and especially murder – has been on increase throughout britain. today, therefore, public opinion in britain has changed. people who before, also in parliament, stated that capital punishment was not a deterrent to murder – now feel that killing the assassin is the lesser of two evils. capital punishment, they think, may not be the ideal answer, but it is better than nothing, especially when, as in england, a sentence of “lifelong” imprisonment only lasts eight or nine years. the important thing in the prevention of murder is to eliminate as far as possible the weapons and instruments, the guns and knives, with which these crimes are committed, and to stop the dangerous influence of violence in books, films, television and other mass media, from which so many criminals derive their “inspiration”.
task 2: find in the text the english equivalents for the following words and expressions: грабить на улице, угрожать силой, совершить тяжкое преступление, уголовный кодекс, поджог, убийство, штраф, тюремное заключение.
task 2.1: find in the text the russian equivalents for the following words and expressions: felony, misdemeanour, legal systems, graver crimes, arson, rape, murder, fine, to provide a punishment, capital punishment, cold blood, lifelong imprisonment.
1. What will you do tomorrow?
In this sentence, the word "will" is used to indicate future simple tense. So the correct form of the verb "do" should be "will do".
2. Where will you be this weekend?
Again, "will" is used to indicate future simple tense. So the correct form of the verb "be" should be "will be".
3. Where will you be in the summer? I think I will be in England.
Here, both sentences use future simple tense. The question asks about a future location, and the answer states a belief or prediction. "Will" is used in both cases.
4. What will you do at the seaside? I think I will build sandcastles.
Both sentences use future simple tense. The question asks about future actions, and the answer states a belief or prediction. "Will" is used in both cases.
5. I will do it for you tomorrow.
Here, "will" is used to indicate future simple tense. The sentence states a promise or intention.
6. My father will call you in 5 minutes.
This sentence also uses future simple tense. It states a future action that will happen in 5 minutes.
7. We believe that she will recover from her illness soon.
Again, future simple tense is used here. The sentence expresses a belief or prediction about a future event, which is the recovery from an illness.
8. I promise I will return.
Here, "will" is used to indicate future simple tense. The sentence states a promise to do something in the future.
9. If it rains, he will not be able to come to school on time.
This sentence uses future simple tense in the conditional form. It states a possibility of a future event (rain) and its consequence (late arrival to school).
10. Will you take me to the zoo this weekend?
This question uses future simple tense to ask about a future action.
Exercise 2:
1. A: "There's someone at the door." B: "I will get it."
The verb "will" is used in the response to indicate future simple tense. It states the intention to perform the action of getting the door.
2. A: "I'm going to move my house tomorrow." B: "I will come and help you."
Here, "will" is used to show the intention to come and help in the future.
3. If she passes the exam, she will be very happy.
The sentence uses future simple tense in the conditional form. It states a possibility of passing the exam and its consequence (happiness).
4. I will be there at four o'clock, I promise.
Here, "will" is used to indicate future simple tense. The sentence states a promise to be at a specific location at a specific time in the future.
5. A: "I'm cold." B: "I will turn on the fire."
The verb "will" is used in the response to indicate the intention to perform the future action of turning on the fire.
6. A: "She's late." B: "Don't worry, she will come."
Here, "will" is used to express the belief or prediction that the person who is late will come in the future.
7. The meeting will take place at 6 p.m.
The sentence uses future simple tense to state the time at which the meeting will happen.
8. If you eat all of that cake, you will feel sick.
This sentence uses future simple tense in the conditional form. It states a consequence (feeling sick) that may happen in the future if all the cake is eaten.
9. They will be at home at 10 o'clock.
Here, "will" is used to indicate future simple tense. The sentence states the location of "they" at a specific time in the future.
10. I'm afraid I will not be able to come tomorrow.
The verb "will" is used to indicate future simple tense in the negative form. The sentence states an inability to come in the future.
Please note that the correct spellings of "I" and "you" have been used in the answers for clarity.