An art film is typically a serious, independent film, aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience.[1] It is "intended to be a serious, artistic work, often experimental and not designed for mass appeal",[2] "made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit",[3] and contains "unconventional or highly symbolic content".[4] Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing "formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films".[5] These qualities can include (among other elements): a sense of social realism; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director; and a focus on the thoughts, dreams, or motivations of characters, as opposed to the unfolding of a clear, goal-driven story. Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as "a film genre, with its own distinct conventions".[6] Art film producers usually present their films at special theaters (repertory cinemas or, in the U.S., art-house cinemas) and at film festivals. The term art film is much more widely used in North America, the United Kingdom, and Australia, compared to the mainland Europe, where the terms auteur films and national cinema (e.g. German national cinema) are used instead. Since they are aimed at small, niche-market audiences, art films rarely acquire the financial backing that would permit large production budgets associated with widely released blockbuster films. Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film, one that typically uses lesser-known film actors (or even amateur actors), and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas, exploring new narrative techniques, and attempting new film-making conventions. Such films contrast sharply with mainstream blockbuster films, which are geared more towards linear storytelling and entertainment. Film critic Roger Ebert called Chungking Express, a critically acclaimed 1994 art film, "largely a cerebral experience" that one enjoys "because of what you know about film".[7] For promotion, art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics' reviews; discussion of the film by arts columnists, commentators, and bloggers; and word-of-mouth promotion by audience members. Since art films have small initial investment costs, they only need to appeal to a small portion of mainstream audiences to become financially viable.
Britain which is formally known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political unity of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is located on the British Isles Its total area is about 244 thousand square kilometres. The coasts of the UK are washed by seas of 2 oceans: the Arctic and the Atlantic. The scenery is the coastline is rather picturesque. The capital of the UK is London. The official language is English. The national symbols of the UK are the Red rose and the Lion, the flag 'Union Jack', and the anthem 'God Save the Queen'. Its form of government is a constitutional monarchy. Officially the supreme legislative authority is the Queen in Parliament and the two Houses of Parliament .and the elected House of Commons. But The Queen officially opens each Parliamentary session. The three major parties are the conservative party, the new labour party, and the democratic liberal party. The largest cities are Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh, Belfast and Cardiff. The chief river is the Thames River Britain's major industries include iron and steel engineering, shipbuilding, electronics.
(1)
1. William has never been abroad yet.
2. We have been doing the gardening recently.
3. My mum and dad haven't drunk goat milk.
4. My teacher has come back from London.
5. Holly has learnt three languages so far.
6. I have brought my grandma some bread. She likes it.
(2)
1. My brother has been playing computer for 3 hours.
2. Mary and Tom have been making a cake since 7 in the morning.
3. I have been reading the whole day.
4. You have been painting the garage since yesterday.
5. She has been listening to music since she woke up.
6. It has been raining heavily for two days now.
(3)
1. You should help your mum.
2. You shouldn't interrupt people. It's rude.
3. You should take some syrup if you cough.
4. You should be polite.
5. You shouldn't wear sneakers in winter.
6. You shouldn't dye your hair if you don't want to damage it.
(4)
1. We haven't got any eggs. We can't make a pie.
2. There is some butter in the fridge.
3. She has a book. It's on the table.
4. There are some bottles of Coke.
5. There isn't any orange in the bag. Who ate it?
6. Collin has a gorgeous car. I love it!