Now nested dolls do in various workshops.
At first select a suitable kind of wood. Because of softness basically choose a linden, is more rare an alder or a birch. Trees usually cut down in the early spring, remove a bark, but not completely that during drying wood didn't give cracks. Then logs store and dry within several years in well ventilated place.
It is necessary to start wood processing when it not dry, but also not the crude. Each preparation passes more than ten operations. The smallest doll — not folding — do by the first.
When "babe" is ready, start the following figure into which the first will enter. Preparation of necessary height is processed and cut on the top and bottom parts. The first the bottom part becomes. Then delete wood from within both parts of the second doll so that the smaller doll was densely inserted inside. Then process repeats for a doll бо́льшего the size into which two will enter previous and etc. the Quantity of dolls can be various.
In the process conclusion each doll cover with an oil varnish. After definitive drying and polishing the artist starts a coloring. As paints it is used both gouache, and oil paints.
Сейчас матрёшки делают в различных мастерских.
Сначала подбирают подходящий вид древесины. Из-за мягкости в основном выбирают липу, реже ольху или берёзу. Деревья обычно срубают ранней весной, снимают кору, но не полностью, чтобы во время сушки древесина не давала трещин. Затем бревна складируют и сушат в течение нескольких лет в хорошо вентилируемом месте.
К обработке древесины необходимо приступать тогда, когда она не сухая, но и не сырая. Каждая заготовка проходит более десятка операций. Самую маленькую куклу — неразборную — делают первой.
Когда «малышка» готова, приступают к следующей фигурке, в которую войдёт первая. Заготовка необходимой высоты обрабатывается и разрезается на верхнюю и нижнюю части. Первой делается нижняя часть. Затем удаляют древесину изнутри обеих частей второй куклы так, чтобы меньшая кукла плотно вставлялась внутрь. Потом процесс повторяется для куклы бо́льшего размера, в которую войдут две предыдущие и т. д. Количество кукол может быть различным.
В заключении процесса каждую куклу покрывают масляным лаком. После окончательной сушки и полировки художник приступает к раскраске. В качестве красок используется как гуашь, так и масляные краски.
на русском:
1) The theater appeared thanks to the Ancient Greece.
Ideas of such philosophers and playwriters as Sophocles, Socrates, Demosthenes, and Homer had a huge influence on literature as well as cultural development / progress of other civilizations. The Roman form of government has served as an example to many countries.
2) I know some Greek legends. As far as I remember, Prometheus stole fire from the gods and gave it to mankind, and Hercules is known for his 12 labors.
3) I do not know a lot about this war, but I read about Trojan horse. The Warriors built a wooden horse and hid inside it, and when the enemies dragged it into the city, the soldiers jumped out and opened the gate and, with the rest of the troops, captured the city of Troy.
4) Slave rebellions constantly took place in the Roman Empire, and it was attacked from outside. The Roman Empire fell after Visigoths captured Rome.
the steppe is the treasure of Kazakhstan. The temperature here drops to -35°C in winter and can reach up to 35°C in summer. In the Kazakh steppe there are many wild animals such as pikes and saiga antelope. Some animals are even threatened with extinction. The steppe is also a treasure trove of agricultural products. For example, milk, meat, and vegetables. The steppe also produces minerals such as zinc, coal and lead. The only ecological difficulty of the steppe is climate change. But all the same, all the charms of the steppe inspire Kazakhs to preserve it.