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Konstantin Melnikov
Early 20th century art movements made a sharp break from the artistic styles of the previous century
One such movement gave us the term avant-garde’, A .
During this period in Russian culture, the architect Konstantin Melnikov established himself within the
avant-garde movement. Born in Moscow in 1890, he started out as an icon painter. A chance meeting
with famous engineer Vladimir M. Chaplin, who asked Melnikov to work for him, gave him his golden
opportunity in life. Chaplin was so impressed with Melnikov’s abilities В .
After twelve years of study, Melnikov began designing buildings in the neoclassical style before moving
on to more contemporary work. He was selected to design the Soviet pavilion at the 1925 Paris Exposition
of Modern Decorative and Industrial Art. His pavilion was widely considered one of the most progressive
buildings at the exposition. Constructed using the most efficient methods, С .
In the late 1920s Melnikov designed a series of garages. A feature of the design allowed for slanted
parking, in which a vehicle would pull in diagonally D . The floors of the garage were shaped like
a parallelogram and the exterior was given an avant-garde appearance.
Melnikov later designed a number of buildings used by workers’ unions. He included the use of overhangs,
E . This gave a building a very dramatic appearance that seemingly defied gravity.
Melnikov's private residence has become one of his masterpieces. The property consists of two
wide cylindrical towers which have been stuck together. The biggest room features 38 hexagonal-shaped
windows, F
1. which are structures that extend from higher floors out beyond the lower ones
2. and his style often did not conform to any precise rules of architecture
3. giving the house an unusual exterior appearance while allowing light to flood the interior
4. and then be able to leave the space by simply pulling out
5. which today is used to describe anything experimental and progressive
6. it was built in only four weeks by just ten workers
7. that he funded his education at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture
and Architecture
The manager
told the secretary to phone the
subsidiary at once .
2.
The
customers asked the
Sellers not to
delay the goods .
3.
The Buyers
insisted that they had
made all the
calculations .
4.
The economists
said that our discount
was too small for
such a big
order .
5.
They asked
the Sellers who would show
the engineers round
the test shop ?
6.
The Sellers
asked the Buyers when
they required the
goods ?
7.
The manager
asked his team
why they hadn't
asked for a
discount?
8.
Mr Strong
asked the managers if they had
arranged their visit
to the plant
the following Monday ?
9.
Mr Blake
stated that model was
easy in operation .
10.
She said that she had
finished the
test , so she was leaving
the next day.