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South America, fourth largest of
the world's continents. It is the
southern portion of the landmass
generally referred to as the New
World, the Western Hemisphere,
or simply the Americas. The
continent is compact and roughly
triangular in shape, being broad
in the north and tapering to a
point-Cape Horn, Chile—in the
south.
South America is bounded by the
Caribbean Sea to the northwest
and north, the Atlantic Ocean to
the northeast, east, and southeast,
and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
In the northwest it is joined to
North America by the Isthmus of
Panama, a land bridge narrowing
to about 50 miles (80 km) at one
point. Drake Passage, south of
Cape Horn, separates South
America from Antarctica
South America has a total area of
about 6,878,000 square miles
(17,814,000 square km), or
roughly one-eighth of the land
surface of Earth. Its greatest
north-south extent is about 4,700
miles, from Point Gallinas,The name America is derived
from that of the Italian navigator
Amerigo Vespucci, one of the
earliest European explorers of the
New World. The term America
originally was applied only to
South America, but the
designation soon was applied to
the entire landmass. Because
Mexico and Central America
share an Iberian heritage with
nearly all of South America, this
entire region frequently is
grouped under the name Latin
America.
South America includes 14 countries:
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
Ecuador, Falkland Islands (United Kingdom),
French Guiana (France), Guyana, Paraguay,
Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela.
Spanish is the official languages in all South
American countries except Brazil, Guyana,
Suriname and French Guiana, and is spoken
even in country that are not historically
Spanish. Portugese is the official language in
Brazil. Official languages in Guyana, Suriname
and French Guiana are respectively English,
Dutch and French.​