2 Work in pairs. Decide which time expressions go with for and which go with since. Then add two more time expressions to each group. two years. last Saturday. an hour. March. a long time. Christmas. l met him. 2015. a month. two days.
3. If Jane had left her flat earlier in the mornings, she wouldn't have missed the train so often.
Explanation: This sentence is a conditional sentence referring to a past unreal situation. The verb tense used here is the past perfect (had + past participle) to indicate an action that didn't happen in the past. In this case, if Jane had left her flat earlier, it would have resulted in her not missing the train frequently.
4. If he had been there at the beginning of September, he would have solved the problem then.
Explanation: This sentence also describes a past unreal situation using the past perfect tense. The speaker is referring to a situation where the person being discussed was not present at the beginning of September. If he had been there, he would have solved the problem at that time.
5. If I had been rich, I wouldn't have agreed to this job. But, alas, I am poor, so any job will do at the moment.
Explanation: Again, this is a past unreal situation expressed in the past perfect tense. The speaker is stating that if they had been rich, they wouldn't have agreed to this job opportunity. However, due to their current financial situation, they are willing to take any job available.
6. If Angela hadn't invited me to her party, I wouldn't have come. I'm very glad that she did.
Explanation: Here, the speaker is talking about a past event using the past perfect tense. If Angela hadn't invited the speaker to her party, the speaker wouldn't have attended. However, they express their happiness that Angela did invite them.
7. If John hadn't passed his exams, he wouldn't have gone abroad for the whole summer. He writes that he'll be back only in September.
Explanation: This sentence discusses a past event using the past perfect tense. If John hadn't passed his exams, he wouldn't have been able to go abroad for the entire summer. The writer mentions that John will only return in September.
8. If he hadn't worked properly during the term, he wouldn't have passed his exams with excellent marks.
Explanation: This sentence uses the past perfect tense to talk about a past unreal situation. It suggests that if the person being discussed hadn't worked diligently throughout the term, they wouldn't have achieved excellent marks in their exams.
9. If Rebecca had had enough money in four years, she would have bought a new watch for her mother's upcoming birthday.
Explanation: This sentence is in the past perfect tense, describing a past unreal situation. It suggests that if Rebecca had accumulated enough money within a specific time frame, she would have purchased a new watch for her mother's birthday.
10. If Roy had entered the university this summer, he would have graduated from it in four years.
Explanation: This sentence uses the past perfect tense to discuss a past unreal situation. It implies that if Roy had enrolled in the university during the summer, he would have completed his studies and earned a degree within four years.
1. But for the traffic jam, Alice wouldn't be late now.
Explanation: This sentence describes a present unreal situation using the past perfect tense. It means that if there hadn't been a traffic jam, Alice wouldn't be late at this moment.
2. But for the traffic jam last Tuesday, Alice wouldn't have been late for her classes.
Explanation: This sentence refers to a past unreal situation using the past perfect tense. It suggests that if there hadn't been a traffic jam last Tuesday, Alice wouldn't have been late for her classes on that specific day.
3. But for your help, we wouldn't have finished the translation on time.
Explanation: This sentence reflects a past unreal situation through the use of the past perfect tense. It means that if the person being addressed hadn't provided their assistance, the translation wouldn't have been completed on time.
4. But for tomorrow's test, I would go to the cinema with you.
Explanation: This sentence presents a potential action in the present using the past tense. It means that if there weren't a test tomorrow, the speaker would be able to go to the cinema with the person being addressed.
5. But for the rain, we would go for a walk after breakfast.
Explanation: This sentence describes a potential action in the present using the past tense. It means that if it weren't raining, the speaker and the others would go for a walk after breakfast.
6. But for his order, I would have called you yesterday.
Explanation: This sentence refers to a past unreal situation using the past perfect tense. It suggests that if the person being discussed hadn't given their order, the speaker would have contacted the person being addressed yesterday.
7. But for her illness, she would have gone on this trip with us today.
Explanation: This sentence is in the past perfect tense and talks about a past unreal situation. It indicates that if the person being discussed hadn't been ill, she would have accompanied the speaker and others on the trip.
8. But for her smile, I would think that she is angry with us.
Explanation: This sentence describes a present unreal situation using the past perfect tense. It means that if the person being discussed didn't smile, the speaker would have thought that she was angry with them.
9. But for the letter, I wouldn't know how difficult the situation was.
Explanation: This sentence refers to a past unreal situation using the past perfect tense. It suggests that if the person being discussed hadn't received the letter, they wouldn't have known the extent of the difficulty of the situation.
10. But for your friend, I wouldn't have heard that story then.
Explanation: This sentence discusses a past unreal situation using the past perfect tense. It implies that if the person being addressed hadn't introduced their friend, the speaker wouldn't have heard that story at that time.
Учитель понимает, что вопрос касается перевода текста ВАШИМ школьником, потому что вы изначально написали в форме "Я хочу, чтобы ты выступил в роли школьного учителя". С удовольствием помогу вашему школьнику с переводом текста.
Возможный перевод текста на русский язык:
"Передвижение по Москве на велосипеде
В наше время мы можем каждый раз видеть все больше и больше людей, передвигающихся по Москве на велосипеде. Велосипеды - это удобный и экологически чистый способ перевозки. Наверное, главным преимуществом езды на велосипеде является то, что он позволяет избежать пробок и сохраняет время. Безусловно, чтобы безопасно передвигаться на велосипеде в городской среде, необходимо соблюдать правила дорожного движения и быть внимательным к окружающим. Ведь наши дороги часто бывают очень загружены различными видами транспорта.
Другим большим преимуществом велосипеда является то, что он способствует поддержанию физической активности и увеличивает наше общее здоровье. Велосипед - это отличный способ получить физическую нагрузку и насладиться красотой города одновременно. При этом мы также снижаем выбросы углекислого газа и вкладываемся в более чистое и зеленое будущее.
В целом, передвижение по Москве на велосипеде является все более популярным и полезным выбором. Безусловно, каждый должен принять во внимание свои навыки и возможности, а также условия дорожного трафика. Но езда на велосипеде - это не только способ передвижения, но также отличная возможность насладиться свежим воздухом, природой и окружающей средой".
В данном переводе уделяется внимание преимуществам использования велосипеда в Москве, включая удобство, экологичность, экономию времени и преимущества для здоровья. Он также делает акцент на важности соблюдения правил дорожного движения и принимает во внимание загруженность дороги транспортом. В заключении подчеркивается, что езда на велосипеде предлагает возможность насладиться природой и окружающей средой.
Пошаговое решение и обоснование перевода:
1. Вначале мы переводим заголовок "Getting around Moscow by bicycle" как "Передвижение по Москве на велосипеде", так как это полностью передает смысл.
2. Затем мы переводим фразу "Nowadays we can see more and more people..." как "В наше время мы можем каждый раз видеть все больше и больше людей...".
- "Nowadays" переводится как "В наше время", чтобы обозначить текущую ситуацию.
- "More and more" переводится как "каждый раз видеть все больше и больше", чтобы показать последовательное увеличение количества людей.
3. Мы переводим фразу "Cycling is a convenient and environmentally friendly mode of transport" как "Велосипеды - это удобный и экологически чистый способ перевозки".
- "Convenient" переводится как "удобный", чтобы подчеркнуть удобство использования велосипеда.
- "Environmentally friendly" переводится как "экологически чистый", чтобы отразить экологические преимущества.
- "Mode of transport" переводится как "способ перевозки", чтобы обозначить, что велосипед может использоваться для передвижения.
4. Фразу "Perhaps the main advantage of cycling is that it helps to avoid traffic jams and saves time" переводим как "Наверное, главным преимуществом езды на велосипеде является то, что он позволяет избежать пробок и сохраняет время".
- "Perhaps" переводится как "Наверное", чтобы показать, что это предположение.
- "Main advantage" переводится как "главное преимущество", чтобы подчеркнуть важность этого аспекта.
- "Helps to avoid" переводится как "позволяет избежать", чтобы показать, что велосипед помогает избегать пробок.
- "Saves time" переводится как "сохраняет время", чтобы обозначить, что использование велосипеда может быть более быстрым способом передвижения.
5. Мы переводим фразу "Certainly, to ride a bicycle safely in an urban environment, it is necessary to follow the rules of the road and be attentive to the surroundings" как "Безусловно, чтобы безопасно передвигаться на велосипеде в городской среде, необходимо соблюдать правила дорожного движения и быть внимательным к окружающим".
- "Certainly" переводится как "Безусловно", чтобы подчеркнуть этот аспект.
- "Safely" переводится как "безопасно", чтобы отразить важность безопасности при езде на велосипеде.
- "Urban environment" переводится как "городская среда", чтобы указать на условия движения и окружающую обстановку в городе.
- "Rules of the road" переводится как "правила дорожного движения", чтобы обозначить важность соблюдения этих правил.
- "Attentive to the surroundings" переводится как "быть внимательным к окружающим", чтобы указать на важность наблюдения за окружающими объектами и людьми при езде на велосипеде.
6. Фразу "Our roads are often congested with various types of transportation" переводим как "Ведь наши дороги часто бывают очень загружены различными видами транспорта".
- "Congested" переводится как "загружены", чтобы показать, что дороги находятся в состоянии транспортного потока.
- "Various types of transportation" переводится как "различные виды транспорта" для указания разнообразия общественных и частных транспортных средств.
7. Мы переводим фразу "Another major advantage of cycling is that it promotes physical activity and improves our overall health" как "Другим большим преимуществом велосипеда является то, что он способствует поддержанию физической активности и улучшает наше общее здоровье".
- "Another major advantage" переводится как "Другим большим преимуществом", чтобы подчеркнуть добавочную пользу езды на велосипеде.
- "Promotes physical activity" переводится как "способствует поддержанию физической активности", чтобы показать, что велосипед помогает оставаться в форме.
- "Improves our overall health" переводится как "улучшает наше общее здоровье", чтобы указать на общие положительные последствия для здоровья.
8. Фразу "Cycling is a great way to get exercise and enjoy the beauty of the city at the same time" переводим как "Велосипед - это отличный способ получить физическую нагрузку и насладиться красотой города одновременно".
- "A great way" переводится как "отличный способ", чтобы показать, что это превосходный вариант.
- "Get exercise" переводится как "получить физическую нагрузку", чтобы показать, что езда на велосипеде может служить физической тренировкой.
- "Enjoy the beauty of the city at the same time" переводится как "насладиться красотой города одновременно", чтобы подчеркнуть возможность наслаждаться окружающей средой во время поездки на велосипеде.
9. Фразу "At the same time, we reduce carbon emissions and contribute to a cleaner and greener future" переводим как "При этом мы также снижаем выбросы углекислого газа и вкладываемся в более чистое и зеленое будущее".
- "Reduce carbon emissions" переводится как "снижаем выбросы углекислого газа", чтобы подчеркнуть экологические преимущества езды на велосипеде.
- "Contribute to a cleaner and greener future" переводится как "вкладываемся в более чистое и зеленое будущее", чтобы указать на общие пользу для окружающей среды и будущих поколений.
10. Завершаем перевод фразой "Overall, getting around Moscow by bicycle is becoming an increasingly popular and beneficial choice" как "В целом, передвижение по Москве на велосипеде является все более популярным и полезным выбором".
- "Overall" переводится как "В целом", чтобы подчеркнуть общую тенденцию.
- "Becoming an increasingly popular and beneficial choice" переводится как "становится все более популярным и полезным выбором", чтобы подчеркнуть повышение популярности и выгоду использования велосипеда.
Explanation: This sentence is a conditional sentence referring to a past unreal situation. The verb tense used here is the past perfect (had + past participle) to indicate an action that didn't happen in the past. In this case, if Jane had left her flat earlier, it would have resulted in her not missing the train frequently.
4. If he had been there at the beginning of September, he would have solved the problem then.
Explanation: This sentence also describes a past unreal situation using the past perfect tense. The speaker is referring to a situation where the person being discussed was not present at the beginning of September. If he had been there, he would have solved the problem at that time.
5. If I had been rich, I wouldn't have agreed to this job. But, alas, I am poor, so any job will do at the moment.
Explanation: Again, this is a past unreal situation expressed in the past perfect tense. The speaker is stating that if they had been rich, they wouldn't have agreed to this job opportunity. However, due to their current financial situation, they are willing to take any job available.
6. If Angela hadn't invited me to her party, I wouldn't have come. I'm very glad that she did.
Explanation: Here, the speaker is talking about a past event using the past perfect tense. If Angela hadn't invited the speaker to her party, the speaker wouldn't have attended. However, they express their happiness that Angela did invite them.
7. If John hadn't passed his exams, he wouldn't have gone abroad for the whole summer. He writes that he'll be back only in September.
Explanation: This sentence discusses a past event using the past perfect tense. If John hadn't passed his exams, he wouldn't have been able to go abroad for the entire summer. The writer mentions that John will only return in September.
8. If he hadn't worked properly during the term, he wouldn't have passed his exams with excellent marks.
Explanation: This sentence uses the past perfect tense to talk about a past unreal situation. It suggests that if the person being discussed hadn't worked diligently throughout the term, they wouldn't have achieved excellent marks in their exams.
9. If Rebecca had had enough money in four years, she would have bought a new watch for her mother's upcoming birthday.
Explanation: This sentence is in the past perfect tense, describing a past unreal situation. It suggests that if Rebecca had accumulated enough money within a specific time frame, she would have purchased a new watch for her mother's birthday.
10. If Roy had entered the university this summer, he would have graduated from it in four years.
Explanation: This sentence uses the past perfect tense to discuss a past unreal situation. It implies that if Roy had enrolled in the university during the summer, he would have completed his studies and earned a degree within four years.
1. But for the traffic jam, Alice wouldn't be late now.
Explanation: This sentence describes a present unreal situation using the past perfect tense. It means that if there hadn't been a traffic jam, Alice wouldn't be late at this moment.
2. But for the traffic jam last Tuesday, Alice wouldn't have been late for her classes.
Explanation: This sentence refers to a past unreal situation using the past perfect tense. It suggests that if there hadn't been a traffic jam last Tuesday, Alice wouldn't have been late for her classes on that specific day.
3. But for your help, we wouldn't have finished the translation on time.
Explanation: This sentence reflects a past unreal situation through the use of the past perfect tense. It means that if the person being addressed hadn't provided their assistance, the translation wouldn't have been completed on time.
4. But for tomorrow's test, I would go to the cinema with you.
Explanation: This sentence presents a potential action in the present using the past tense. It means that if there weren't a test tomorrow, the speaker would be able to go to the cinema with the person being addressed.
5. But for the rain, we would go for a walk after breakfast.
Explanation: This sentence describes a potential action in the present using the past tense. It means that if it weren't raining, the speaker and the others would go for a walk after breakfast.
6. But for his order, I would have called you yesterday.
Explanation: This sentence refers to a past unreal situation using the past perfect tense. It suggests that if the person being discussed hadn't given their order, the speaker would have contacted the person being addressed yesterday.
7. But for her illness, she would have gone on this trip with us today.
Explanation: This sentence is in the past perfect tense and talks about a past unreal situation. It indicates that if the person being discussed hadn't been ill, she would have accompanied the speaker and others on the trip.
8. But for her smile, I would think that she is angry with us.
Explanation: This sentence describes a present unreal situation using the past perfect tense. It means that if the person being discussed didn't smile, the speaker would have thought that she was angry with them.
9. But for the letter, I wouldn't know how difficult the situation was.
Explanation: This sentence refers to a past unreal situation using the past perfect tense. It suggests that if the person being discussed hadn't received the letter, they wouldn't have known the extent of the difficulty of the situation.
10. But for your friend, I wouldn't have heard that story then.
Explanation: This sentence discusses a past unreal situation using the past perfect tense. It implies that if the person being addressed hadn't introduced their friend, the speaker wouldn't have heard that story at that time.