958 words - 4 pages - riceneutrino ✓ Expert Reviewed Aggression is a feeling of hostility that arouses thoughts of attack, deliberately unfriendly behaviour or a disposition to behave aggressively. There are three types of behaviour:
· Assertive Play
· Instrumental Aggression
· Hostile Aggression
Assertive play is having no intent to harm, a legitimate force within the rules with unusual effort and energy. An example of this could be during a tennis match. A performer could be seen to perform an aggressive shot or serve to win a point. They may have no intent to harm or injure their opponent, but merely try and win the point so they are one step closer to winning the match. It is sometimes called channelled aggression. Instrumental aggression is having no anger but with the intent to harm, their goal is to win and uses the tactic `dirty play'. This is illegal in all sports except boxing. An example of this would be in football game when 2 players have a confrontation and later on one of those players has possession of the ball and the other player may but in an aggressive tackle to retaliate. Hostile Aggression is having the intent and goal to harm but with the arousal and anger involved. These are occasionally seen during a match, but these acts are the ones that are more than likely going to be written about in the following days newspaper headlines. This could happen when a player wants to take out a very influential player of a team, possibly the captain so puts in an in a powerful tackle. There are many reasons why sports players may get aggressive but the main reason are reasons such as home or away embarrassment, losing, pain, unfair umpiring, playing below their best, large score difference, low league standing, tiring near the end of a game, reputation of opposition, and last but certainly not least retaliation.
When players are highly motivated, low, depressed or players who feel that aggression is `wrong in life but ok in sport' they are more likely to be aggressive because it increases arousal thus showing anger towards a person. The four theories that cause aggression are instinct theory where aggression is instinctive for the player and sport releases built up aggression, this could happen, for example in a game of football, where the player has been out with injury and has been wanting to come back. The next theory is by Dollard and he says that aggression is caused by frustration, where a player is being blocked in success of a goal, i.e. when not playing to full capability. The Social Learning Theory (Bandura) says that watching and practising learns aggression. Aggression Cue Hypothesis causes aggression by anger, by seeing a fellow player getting into a fight, the readiness for aggression would encourage the player to join in the fight.
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