The Emblem is one of the main symbols of the state. The Russian term “gerb” for Emblem comes from the German word “Erbe” (legacy) and means hereditary distinctive sign that represents a combination of figures and objects to which a symbolic sense reflecting cultural and historical traditions of the state is given.
The history is an evidence of the fact that the nomads of the Bronze Age that inhabited the territory of modern Kazakhstan identified themselves with a special symbol which is called totem. Its graphical expression further got the name “tamga”. This term has been for the first time used in the Turkic Khaganate.
The Emblem of the sovereign Kazakhstan was officially adopted in 1992. The authors of the State Emblem are Kazakhstan’s famous architects Zhandarbek Malibekov and Shot-Aman Ualikhanov.
The State Emblem of the Republic of Kazakhstan has the shape of a circle (wheel). It is a symbol of life and eternity that was especially valued among the nomads of the Great Steppes.
The central heraldic element of the State Emblem is the image of shanyrak (an arched cross-shaped top of the Kazakh yurt) against a sky blue background which irradiates uyks (supports or bearings of the yurt) in the form of sunrays to all sides. On both right and left of shanyrak there are images of mythical winged quarter horses. At the top of Emblem there is a volumetric five-pointed star. There is also the inscription “Kazakhstan” at the bottom of the Emblem. The images of shanyrak, uyks, and mythical horses, as well as the inscriptions “Kazakhstan”, have the colour of gold.
Shanyrak is a main backbone part of the yurt that resembles a blue sky. It is also one of the key elements of Kazakh family dwelling in the traditional culture of Eurasian nomads. The image of shanyrak on the State Emblem of the republic is a symbol of common home and common homeland of all people living in Kazakhstan. The stable development of Kazakhstan depends on welfare of each citizen just like the strength and stability of shanyrak depends on reliability of all its uyks.
The winged mythical horses, tulpars, are the key heraldic element of the State Emblem. The image of the horse stands for such notions as bravery since time immemorial. The wings symbolize a centuries-old dream of multinational people of Kazakhstan to build a strong and prosperous nation. They represent pure thoughts and aspiration to successive and constructive development. The golden wings of racers also resemble golden sheaves of grain that are a sign of labor of the people of Kazakhstan and material welfare of the country.
In centuries past the horns are often used during ceremonial rites of nomads as well as a finial to their fighting banners. The images of heavenly grace, fertility of the earth and the military fortune in the form of various animals’ horns are always considered as integral parts in symbolic compositions of different peoples. Therefore, a winged horse with a horn of plenty is an important typological image which has deep semantic and historical roots.
Another element on the coat of arms is a five-pointed star. This symbol is used by man from ancient times and represents constant aspiration of people to the light of truth and the pursuit of the sublime and eternal matter. The image of a star on the State Emblem reflects the dream of people to build a state open to all countries of the world for cooperation and partnership. Hearts and arms of the people of Kazakhstan are open to representatives from all five continents.
The primary colour of the State Emblem is the colour of gold, which serves as a symbol of wealth, justice and magnanimity. The colour of blue sky symbolizes a serene sky, peace and prosperity.
Вот что получаем
Our Final exams will take place in summer. – Наши выпускные экзамены будут летом.
It was not summer yet, but boys already went to the beach. – Лето ещё даже не наступило, но мальчики уже пошли на пляж.
It was a warm summer. – Лето было тёплым.
It is a rainy autumn. – Эта осень дождливая.
It is too cold here in the autumn. – Осенью здесь слишком холодно.
The new school year will start in fall. – Новый учебный год начнётся осенью.
The wood looked very still from the long winter. – После длительной зимы лес выглядел очень тихим.
During the winter he often called me because he felt very lonely. – Во время зимы он мне часто звонил, потому что чувствовал себя очень одиноко.
It will be early winter. – Это будет ранняя зима.
She will pull it off through the spring. – Весной у неё всё получится.
It is spring and the air is so pleasant. – Сейчас весна и воздух такой приятный.
Spring - a transitional season when daylight hours increase significantly, increased ambient temperature and activates the natural activity of living creatures and plants. Весна - переходный сезон, когда световой день значительно увеличится, повышенная температура окружающей среды и активизируется природная деятельность живых существ и растений.
1. Did you use to get up early?
2. Did you use to be interested in Mathematics?
3. Did you use to drink Cola?
4. Did you use to have long hair?
5. Did you use to work hard?
6. Did you use to ask many questions?
7. Did you use to take books from the library?
8. Did you use to travel by car?
9. Did you use to swim in the swimming pool?
10. Did you use to stay at the hotel?