Partial renewal or renewal of components comprises the intermediate renewal1 of
major or minor components - switches, crossings, worn rails, insulating rail-joints, etc.
- Day-to-day maintenance includes maintenance of desirable standards of all com-
ponents of railway track and alignment which can be done mechanically or manually.
(3) Day-to-day maintenance includes tamping, lining, patrolling and other tasks.
Complete renewal as well as earthworks and reballasting require both temporary speed re-
strictions (TSRs) and ’abnormal’ possession of the fine. Earthworks, reballasting and day-
to-day maintenance may require ‘abnormal’ possessions only, while partial renewal of
components requires, at the worst, a ‘normal’ possession.
(4) A ‘normal’ possession is one which requires no alteration to regular services. An
‘abnormal’ possession does require alterations, and sometimes it may take up to 50 hours
to carry out this work. Generally, a weekend ‘abnormal’ possession lasts some 15-20
hours.
Note: 1) intermediate renewal – средний ремонт.
Ex. 7. Search the text for the English equivalents of the following Russian
phrases:
1. Will you write this letter tomorrow?
You will write this letter tomorrow.
You won't write this letter tomorrow.
2. Kate won't read books next week.
Kate will read books next week.
Will Kate read books next week?
3. Will he come to school in two days?
He will come to school in two days.
He won't come to school in two days.
4. Will they drink coffee tomorrow?
They will drink coffee tomorrow.
They won't drink coffee tomorrow.
5. I’m sure he won't like tomato juice.
I’m sure he will like tomato juice.
Will he like tomato juice?
6. Will they help their mother next month?
They will help their mother next month.
They won't help their mother next month
7. Will you go to school next year?
You will go to school next year.
You won't go to school next year.
