Существительные
NOUNS
Собственные = a proper noun is a name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing, e.g. Steven, Africa, London, Monday. In written English, proper nouns begin with capital letters.
Абстрактные = an abstract noun is a noun which refers to ideas, qualities, and conditions - things that cannot be seen or touched and things which have no physical reality, e.g. truth, danger, happiness, time, friendship, humour.
Нарицательные = a common noun is a noun that refers to people or things in general, e.g. boy, country, bridge, city, birth, day, happiness.
Исчисляемые = countable nouns (or count nouns) are those that refer to something that can be counted. They have both singular and plural forms (e.g. cat/cats; woman/women; country/countries). In the singular, they can be preceded by a or an. Most nouns come into this category.
Неисчисляемые = a smaller number of nouns do not typically refer to things that can be counted and so they do not regularly have a plural form: these are known as uncountable nouns (or mass nouns). Examples include: rain, flour, earth, wine, or wood. Uncountable nouns can't be preceded by a or an. Many abstract nouns are typically uncountable, e.g. happiness, truth, darkness, humour.
Собирательные = collective nouns refer to groups of people or things, e.g. audience, family, government, team, jury. In American English, most collective nouns are treated as singular, with a singular verb:
The whole family was at the table.
In British English, the preceding sentence would be correct, but it would also be correct to treat the collective noun as a plural, with a plural verb:
The whole family were at the table.
Субстантивированные = substantive adjective: an adjective used alone in the absence of the noun that it modifies :
An example would be old and new in out with the old, in with the new.
Объяснение:
I'm afraid it won't be convenient for me to see you tomorrow.
The house is conveniently situated near the centre of town.
This is very inconvenient! Can't you practise your violin somewhere else.
2. CREATE
I would like to show you my latest creation, which I have called 'Boats on a Lake'.
The chameleon is a very strange creature.
Conan Doyle was famous as the creator of the great detective, Sherlock Holmes.
3. CRITIC
Why does everybody criticise him all the time?
After so much criticism he felt he had to resign.
They were very critical of his efforts to improve services.
4. DECIDE
They're going to announce their decision tomorrow.
He's so indecisive! He just can't make up his mind!
5. DECORATE
The decorator said he would charge me £1,000 a room.
During the festival decorations were hanging from every tree.
6. DEMONSTRATE
The demonstrators all sat down in the middle of the road.
He offered to give me a demonstration of how the machine worked.
7. DEPEND
We are dependent on other countries for most of our food.
Every year we celebrate our independence.
8. DICTATE
The boss wants you to take some dictation.
He acted in an extremely dictatorial manner, which made him very unpopular.
9. DIRECT
Are you sure we're going in the right direction?
She looked directly at me as she said it.
I had to look up the number in the telephone directory.
Hitchcock is one of my favourite film directors.
10. ECONOMY
My new car is more economical than the one I had before.
She studied economics at university.
On my salary we have to live as economically as possible.
If we don't economise on electricity, there will be power cuts.
11. ELECTRIC
He works as an electrician for a local firm.
The price of electricity has gone up again.
The fire was caused by an electrical fault in the television.
He is an electrical engineer.
12. EMPLOY
Last December the boss gave all his employees a bonus.
I've been unemployed since June. I must find work soon.
Her employer was so angry at her attitude that he fired her.
He hoped the employment agency would find him a job.