Father Columba, Domenico , changing occupations - was a weaver , a wool merchant , even the landlord .Columbus mother , Susanna Fontanarossa , bore her husband five children , of whom Christopher was the eldest . His younger brothers called Bartolomeo , Giacomo and Giovanni Pellegrino, was a younger sister Byanchinetta . Many years later, Bartolomeo and Giacomo participated in expeditions of his older brother . Then called them to the Spanish style - Bartholomew and Diego .As for names , Columbus , living in different countries, has changed its name according to the requirements of phonetic language : in Portugal, he was called Cristovão , and in Spain Cristobal .About the childhood of the great explorer virtually nothing is known . Scientists can not come to a consensus regarding education and Columbus. We only know that Columbus began quite early to go on merchant ships in the Mediterranean Sea .1470 's - Columbus settled in Portugal, in Lisbon. Now he goes to the Portuguese courts , swimming away far north. It is known that if he managed to visit the British Isles, and possibly in Iceland. Caravels under the Portuguese flag and went to the Canary Islands , and along the west coast of Africa .End of 1470 s - Columbus marries Felipe Moniz, who came from a wealthy Italian- Portuguese family . Wife gave birth to a son Columbus .Columbus was also father-in navigator , and after his death his wife gave in-law cards , diaries and other documents of the deceased husband. Perhaps for these documents Columbus went on to study geography. Moreover , textbooks have become for him the book of the Italian poet Silvoi Enea Piccolomini, "The image of the world " by Pierre de Ayli , "book " Marco Polo.1480 th year - during this period the Portuguese were preoccupied with finding a sea route to Asia. Interest in this part of the world is explained quite simply : some Asian spices while often replaced the money, and there were also incense , silk, carpets , luxury ... overland route to Asia was not there - it overlaps the mighty Ottoman Empire . Had outbid spices , silk and other exotic goods from the eastern Arab merchants , losing big profits. The Portuguese saw only one route : rounded Africa, climb into the Indian Ocean , and in the early decades of the king of Portugal João II was equipped and sent to the appropriate expedition . Columbus has suggested an alternative : to reach Asia, moving west . Columbus theory was based on his own calculations navigator . But in fairness I must say that Columbus was not an innovator - the idea of a western route to India put forward in antiquity , Aristotle and Protagoras .1483 - believing in his theory , Columbus decides by all means to prove its correctness . He meets with Juan II and asks him to assist in the organization of the expedition. King approached the matter seriously and held a council consisting of the bishop and two cosmography . Calculations of Columbus were found incorrect, the expedition was denied.1485 - Columbus leaves Portugal and moved to Spain.1486 - Columbus gets an audience with the King of Spain, Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile . Monarch and his wife interested in the offer of Columbus. As well as in Portugal, was collected for the Commission decision on the case, and as the commission did not support the navigator . Spanish "competent experts" referred to the fact that the existence of a western route to India contrary to church teaching . Columbus was almost declared a heretic (and it still had the Inquisition ) . The king and queen decided yet to meet a traveler , but with one condition - first the war would end with the Moors .1488 - Beatriz Enriquez de some Arana foaling Columbus son Fernando. Columbus not only recognized the child , but do not forget it later , after thirteen years, taking one of his expeditions. That Fernando later wrote a biography of his father , which will be the main source of information about the great explorer .1492 - Spain liberated from the Moors , and King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella finally make the final decision about funding the search of a western route to Asia. In case of failure, they lose only the money invested in the venture. In the case of success before Spain opened a dizzying prospect. Columbus had promised : a knighthood , the titles of Admiral , Viceroy and Governor-General of all open expedition islands and continents .1492 - 1493 years - the first expedition of Christopher Columbus . In the Atlantic off two caravels "Pinta " and " Nina " and four-masted sailing ship " Santa Maria ." The team consisted of 90 people.
1. Nick said he would be waiting for me at the corner of the street. I hurried to the place and reached ___ it on time, but to my great surprise I didn’t find him there. I couldn't believe ___ my eyes because I knew that he always kept his promise. The street was crowded, so I thought perhaps he was standing somewhere at a quiet corner. 1 looked around, but couldn’t see him anywhere, so I went ___ home, thinking that something unexpected had happened to him. 2. 1 was seriously ill, but now I’m getting better and better every day. I’m very grateful to the doctors for all they’ve done for me. 3. Someone’s knocking at the door. Please go and ask him in. I’m still so weak that I can’t do it myself yet. 4. I am ___ five years younger than my husband. 5. On our way to the Far East, we passed ___ many Siberian towns and villages. 6. He entered ___ the room and greeted everybody. 7. A lot of people passed by a small picture painted by the young artist without stopping to look at it. 8. Jim owes ten shillings to Bob and five to Nick. 9. How much do I owe ___ you for this coat? 10. No wonder Petrov has made much progress in his English. 11. It’s a pity nobody has warned him against smoking so much. 12. The signal warned the partisans about the coming danger. 13. In 1941 our country was attacked by fascist Germany without any warning. 14. If you’re interested in this subject, come to listen to Comrade Klimov’s talk at the week-end. I’m sure he’ll give a lot of new facts. 15. The lecture was followed by an entertainment, which everybody enjoyed. 16. You should follow our advice and stop worrying about your nephew. The doctor who had operated on him said that he hadn’t felt any pain, and would be getting better soon. 17. I wonder how the boy could climb up that tall tree. I’m afraid we’ll have to help him to climb down if we don’t want him to fall.
1. Peter is the highest boy in the class. 2. My flat is less comfortable. 3. In winter the days are shorter, than in the summer, aren`t they? 4. What is the shortest month of the year? 5. Your daughter is older than mine. My daughter's only six and yours is seven, isn`t she? 6. This is a very important question, let's discuss it tomorrow, is it okay? 7. It was only nine o'clock, but when we got to the river, my brother had already been in the boat and waited for us. 8. «You are looking now at the tallest building in Moscow»,- said the teacher to the children. 9. The new flat of my sister is more comfortable and lighter than the old one.10. Moscow streets are more beautiful now than they were a few years ago. Are you younger than your sister? - No. I am not. 12. Could you show me the way to the Red square? – You are welcome. You can go there by subway. It will take not more than 20 minutes. 13. You say that that book is difficult for you. Take this one. It is easier. 14. Anna is the best student in the class.
VII. ,1. Though the watch was very expensive, he decided to buy it for her. 2. Please buy me some bread and sugar, will you? 3. 1 wonder whether the old man will sell all his pictures in the museum. 4. The man didn’t sell his pictures to the museum, he just gave them away without taking any money from them. 5. Though the shoes were her size and felt very comfortable, old Sally decided not to buy them because she thought they were too dear for her. “I can’t pay so much for a pair of shoes”, she said to the shop-assistant. 6. Won’t you have another look at these shoes?1 think it’s just the pair for you. 7. He looked through all the telegrams quickly, gave them to the secretary to send off and also asked her to ring Mr Brown and tell him that he could come in 10 if the time was suitable for him. 8. “Would you like to buy any of these watches?’ "No, I’m just looking narrowly” 9. “Excuse me, how do I get to the bookshop?" “It’s turn there the right”. 10. Will you please ask that man what time it is on his watch? I’m afraid mine is five or six minutes slow.
