The climate in Almaty is a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfa) with hot summers and cold winters. It is characterized by the influence of mountain-valley circulation. This is especially evident in the northern part of the city, located directly in the transition zone of the mountain slopes to the plains.
Picture taken during a temperatureinversion, showing smog trapped over AlmatyAnnual average air temperature is equal to 10 °C (50 °F), the coldest month is January, −4.7 °C (24 °F) (on average), the warmest month (July) 23.8 °C (75 °F) (on average). In average years frost starts on about 14 October and ends on about 18 April, with sustained extreme cold from about 19 December to about 23 February, a period of about 67 days. Weather with temperature above 30 °C (86 °F) is average for about 36 days a year. In the center of Almaty, like any large city, there is a "heat island" – average daily temperature contrast between the northern and southern suburbs of the city is 3.8% and in the coldest and 2.2% and in the hottest five days. Therefore, frost in the city center starts about 7 days later and finishes 3 days earlier than in the northern suburbs. Annual precipitation is about 650 to 700 mm (25.6 to 27.6 in). April and May are the wettest months, during which about a third of the city's annual precipitation is received.
It is not uncommon for snow and a cold snap to hit Almaty as late as the end of May. For example, in the last quarter century, such snowfalls were recorded on 13 May 1985, 1 May 1989, 5 May 1993 and 18 May 1998. The record latest snowfall in Almaty was on 17 June 1987.
Almaty sometimes experiences winter rain, despite heavy preceding snowfall and low temperatures. The most memorable winter rain took place at 16 December 1996 during a military parade to celebrate the 5th anniversary of the Independence of the Republic.
Almaty Weather Station's GM mostly records south-easterly wind (30%), its resistance increases during the summer (37%) and falls in winter (19%). Wind speeds exceed 15 m/s on about 15 days a year, on average.
1. What do living things include?
Living things include many kinds of organisms, from the plants, animals and people to bacteria and other tiny creatures.
2. Cаn we say that we know all the plants and animals that live on our planet?
No, we can't. People discover new species every year.
3. In what way are plants and animals different?
They get their food differently; most animals can move about and hide and most plants can't do that.
4. Why is it not always true?
There are exceptions: some plants can catch and "eat" insects and there are plants that can "travel".
5.The text says that some plants are small and some are very big. Is that true about animals? Can you give examples?
It is also true about animals. The examples of the biggest and smallest animals are whales (киты) and hummingbirds (колибри).
6.Why can't we live without plants and animals? In what ways do we use them?
We need plants as food and they "breathe in" carbon dioxide and "breathe out" oxygen. And we need animals as a source of food, for making clothes, transport, helpers and scientific research.
7.Why is oxygen that plants "breathe out" so important for people?
It is important for people because it supports life.
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