The Nobel Prize awarded to Professor F. Haber Institute (Berlin) Gerhard Ertl "for pioneering research in the field of surface chemistry." Chemical reactions on the catalyst surface play a decisive role in many industrial plants. surface chemistry explains are many processes - the metal corrosion to ozone depletion (in the latter case, the key step of the reaction can proceed at the surface of small ice crystals in the stratosphere). Semiconductor Manufacturing - another area that depends on the information on the characteristics of surface chemistry. Ertl was one of the first researchers to evaluate the potential of the surface chemistry. Step by step he has developed a methodology for surface chemistry by demonstrating how different experimental procedures allow to obtain a comprehensive picture of the reaction on the surface. Its development laid the scientific basis of modern surface chemistry, his methodology is used both in basic research and in the development of chemical industry products. The approach developed by Ertl, based not only on the results obtained in the study process they Bosch-Haber used in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. He also studied the oxidation of carbon monoxide on the platinum surface, the reaction is used for the catalytic purification of automobile exhaust.
Test 13 1. Tom hasn’t met his sister since he was а child. 2. Olga lived in England last year. 3. I have lost my key. I can’t find it anywhere. 4. Look! Somebody has broken my pen. 5. How many plays did Shakespeare write? 6. Do you know about Jane? She has given up smoking. 7. I’m looking for Mike. Have you seen him? 8. Your car looks great. Have you washed it? 9. Mr. Clark has worked in а bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up. 10. I don’t know this young woman. We have never met before. 11. When did you write this poem? 12. Chaikovsky was а great Russian composer. 13. Mary isn’t at home. She has gone shopping. 14. Have you seen this film? It’s fantastic! 15. Oh! I have cut my finger. It’s bleeding. 16. Where (were you born? 17. My parents got married in а small village. 18. Agatha Christie wrote 68 novels, 17 plays and more than а hundred stories. 19. I’m very hungry! I haven’t eaten anything today. 20. When sending the telegram she forgot to write her name.
Test 14. Past Simple or Present Perfect? 1. It didn`t snow this week. 2. Did you see the news on television last night? 3. Mike left school in 1999. 4. I don’t know where my brother is. Have you seen him? 5. ‘Where is your key?’ ‘I don’t know. I have lost it.’ 6. We visited the local museum the other day. 7. Ann is on holiday. She has gone to France. 8. When did the last train leave? 9. ‘Would you like something to eat?’ ‘No, thanks. I have just had lunch.’ 10. Was the weather good when you were on holiday? 11. We have not seen each other for а long time. 12. It’s the most interesting book I have ever read. 13. He has drunk too much coffee today. 14. What did you do at the weekend? 15. John is hungry. He has not eaten anything since breakfast. 16. She did not go to the library three days ago. 17. How long have you known Bill? 18. Olga always wanted to visit Great Britain. 19. Have you heard from Jack recently? 20. Mark Twain lived in the state of Missouri.
Test 15. Past Simple or Present Perfect? 1. ‘Has he ever been to London?’ ‘Yes. he has. Several times.’ 2. ‘What’s the news?’ ‘We have won the tennis competition.’ 3. ‘When did you speak to him?’ ‘We met yesterday.’ 4. He has not called me this month. 5. How long have you been ill? 6. We saw an interesting film the other day. 7. I have known them for 2 years. 8. Were you happy when you were a child? 9. I always traveled by plane. 10. Where is Tom? Have you seen him? 11. It’s the most interesting film I have ever seen. 12. The construction started in April. 13. She has not called me since she arrived in Moscow. 14. They did not go to the cinema last week. 15. We have had too many tests today. 16. What did you do last Sunday? 17. William Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays. 18. I have lost my exercise-book. I can’t find it anywhere. 19. Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 20. Have you met Ann lately?
