Partial renewal or renewal of components comprises the intermediate renewal1 of
major or minor components - switches, crossings, worn rails, insulating rail-joints, etc.
- Day-to-day maintenance includes maintenance of desirable standards of all com-
ponents of railway track and alignment which can be done mechanically or manually.
(3) Day-to-day maintenance includes tamping, lining, patrolling and other tasks.
Complete renewal as well as earthworks and reballasting require both temporary speed re-
strictions (TSRs) and ’abnormal’ possession of the fine. Earthworks, reballasting and day-
to-day maintenance may require ‘abnormal’ possessions only, while partial renewal of
components requires, at the worst, a ‘normal’ possession.
(4) A ‘normal’ possession is one which requires no alteration to regular services. An
‘abnormal’ possession does require alterations, and sometimes it may take up to 50 hours
to carry out this work. Generally, a weekend ‘abnormal’ possession lasts some 15-20
hours.
Note: 1) intermediate renewal – средний ремонт.
Ex. 7. Search the text for the English equivalents of the following Russian
phrases:
1. This medicinal herb is good for eczema and skin blemishes.
Is this medicinal herb good for eczema and skin blemishes?
This medicinal herb is good for eczema and skin blemishes, isn't it?
Is this medicinal herb good for eczema or skin blemishes?
When is this medicine herb good?
2. Lemon balm is versatile medicinal herb.
Is lemon balm versatile medicinal herb?
Lemon balm is versatile medicinal herb, isn't it?
Is lemon balm versatile medicinal herb or not?
Why is lemon balm versatile medicinal herb?
Half past twelve, five past one, quarter past fifteen, twenty to three, five to three, quarter past eleven, quarter to eleven, twenty past eight, seven o’clock, half past nine.