1. My house is much smaller than yours. So I don't have as much room as you have to invite friends.
Explanation: In this sentence, the comparative form of the adjective "small" is used to compare the size of the speaker's house to the size of the listener's house. The word "than" is used to show the comparison.
2. If I had as many problems as he has, I would go mad.
Explanation: In this sentence, the comparative form "many" is used to compare the number of problems the speaker has to the number of problems the other person has. The phrase "as...as" is used to indicate the comparison.
3. This is the best car I've ever had. Perhaps it was more expensive than my previous car, but it uses less petrol and breaks down on fewer occasions than most other cars.
Explanation: In this sentence, the superlative form "best" is used to compare the quality of the car to the speaker's previous cars. The comparative form "more expensive" is used to compare the price of the car to the speaker's previous car. The comparative forms "less" and "fewer" are used to compare the amount of petrol used and the number of occasions the car breaks down to other cars. The phrase "than most other cars" is used to indicate the comparison.
4. If you want to get thinner, you should eat fewer calories. For example, vegetables. They are the least fattening food.
Explanation: In this sentence, the comparative form "thinner" is used to compare the desired body shape to the current one. The comparative form "fewer" is used to compare the number of calories consumed. The superlative form "the least" is used to compare the level of fattening characteristic of vegetables to other foods. The phrase "than most other cars" is used to indicate the comparison.
5. I finished my homework sooner than I expected, so I had more free time than other days.
Explanation: In this sentence, the comparative form "sooner" is used to compare the time it took to finish the homework to the expected time. The comparative form "more" is used to compare the amount of free time obtained. The phrase "than other days" is used to indicate the comparison.
6. The weather is much colder these days. But the worst is to come. February is usually the coldest month of the year.
Explanation: In this sentence, the comparative form "colder" is used to compare the current weather to the previous weather. The comparative form "worst" is used to compare the future weather to the current one. The superlative form "the coldest" is used to compare the weather in February to the weather in other months. The phrase "of the year" is used to indicate the comparison.
7. The best way to improve your English is to read as much as you can.
Explanation: In this sentence, the superlative form "best" is used to compare the effectiveness of different ways to improve English. The phrase "as much as you can" is used to indicate the maximum amount of reading.
8. Oranges are usually the cheapest fruit in winter. However, they are rather more expensive in other seasons.
Explanation: In this sentence, the superlative form "cheapest" is used to compare the price of oranges to the price of other fruits in winter. The comparative form "more expensive" is used to compare the price of oranges to the price of other fruits in other seasons. The word "rather" is used to emphasize the degree of the comparison.
9. My phone bill is usually £100. This month I have paid £198. It was nearly twice as much as the rest of the times.
Explanation: In this sentence, the phrase "twice as much" is used to indicate a comparison of the amount paid this month to the amount paid in other months. The word "nearly" is used to indicate the approximate degree of the comparison.
10. Your dictation is quite good this time. In fact, you've had half as many mistakes as you usually have.
Explanation: In this sentence, the phrase "half as many" is used to compare the number of mistakes made this time to the number of mistakes made usually. The word "quite" is used to indicate the level of goodness.
Группировка минеральных веществ основана на их свойствах и составе. Ученые и геологи изучают различные минералы и на основании их химического состава, кристаллической структуры и физических свойств их группируют в соответствующие категории.
Основные основания для группировки минеральных веществ включают следующие факторы:
1. Химический состав: Минералы могут состоять из разных химических элементов. Например, кварц состоит только из кремния и кислорода (химическая формула - SiO2), апатит содержит фосфор, кальций, кислород и воду (Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl)), а кальцит содержит только кальций, углерод и кислород (CaCO3). Группировка минералов по их химическому составу позволяет ученым понять их сходство и различие, а также предсказывать их химические и физические свойства.
2. Кристаллическая структура: Минералы обладают определенной кристаллической структурой, которая определяется расположением атомов или молекул в их решетке. Например, алмаз и графит имеют одинаковый химический состав - оба состоят из углерода, но их кристаллические структуры различаются, что придает им совершенно разные свойства. Группировка минералов по их кристаллической структуре позволяет ученым объединять минералы, которые имеют сходные свойства и обладают схожей структурой.
3. Физические свойства: Минералы обладают уникальными физическими свойствами, такими как цвет, жесткость, прозрачность и т.д. Например, полевой шпат и кварц очень похожи по химическому составу и кристаллической структуре, но они имеют разные физические свойства - полевой шпат может быть разноцветным, а кварц прозрачен. Группировка минералов по их физическим свойствам позволяет ученым классифицировать их и определить их сходство или различие.
Таким образом, основанием для группировки минеральных веществ являются их химический состав, кристаллическая структура и физические свойства. Эти факторы позволяют ученым объединять и классифицировать минералы, чтобы понимать их поведение, свойства и взаимодействие с окружающим миром.
