Acids are compounds which dissolve in water giving hydrogen ions. Sulphuric acid is one example. It is a strong acid, which can be neutralized by alkalis to form salts called sulphates.
Many metals react with acids to give a gas called hydrogen. Acids also react with carbonates to give carbon dioxide.
Solutions of acids are poor conductors of electricity. They also affect indicators. For example, phenolphthalein turns colourless in acids, while litmus turns red.
Alkalis are compounds that dissolve in water giving hydroxide ions. They have a pH number greater than 7.
1). CH3-CH3 + Br2 (свет)---> CH3-CH2Br + HBr -радикальное замещение алканов
2). CH3-CH2Br + KOH (Спирт) ---> KBr + H2O + CH2=CH2 -дегалогенирование галогеналканов
3). из этена напрямую этаналь получить нельзя (по крайней мере я такого не помню), эта реакция пойдет в две стадии:
a))) CH2=CH2 + H2O (H2SO4 t>140 С) ---> CH3-CH2OH -это внутримолекулярная гидратация алкенов
b))) CH3-CH2OH + CuO ---> Cu + H2O + CH3-C(=O)H -окисление спиртов оксидом меди2
4). CH3-C(=O)H + Ag2O (NH3*H2O) ---> CH3-C(=O)OH + 2Ag -реакция серебряного зеркала
5). CH3-C(=O)OH + NaOH ---> СH3-C(=O)ONa + H2O -это реакция нейтрализации кислоты щелочью :-)))
1. W(C)= n × Ar : Mr = 3 × 12 : 42 = 0.86 = 86%