А. CuCl₂ → Cu(OH)₂ → CuSO₄
CuCl₂+2NaOH = Cu(OH)₂↓+2NaCI
Cu²⁺+2Cl⁻+2Na⁺+2OH⁻ = Cu(OH)₂↓+2Na⁺+2CI⁻
Cu²⁺+2OH⁻ = Cu(OH)₂↓
Cu(OH)₂ +H₂SO₄= CuSO₄ +2H₂O
Cu(OH)₂ +2H⁺+SO₄²⁻= Cu²⁺+SO₄²⁻ +2H₂O
Cu(OH)₂ +2H⁺= Cu²⁺ +2H₂O
Б. Al₂(SO₄)₃ → Al(OH)₃ → AlCl₃
Al₂(SO₄)₃+6NaOH = 2Al(OH)₃↓+3Na₂SO₄
2Al³⁺+3SO₄²⁻+6Na⁺+6OH⁻ = 2Al(OH)₃↓+6Na⁺+3SO₄²⁻
2Al³⁺+6OH⁻ = 2Al(OH)₃↓
Al(OH)₃+3HCI= AlCl₃ +3H₂O
Al(OH)₃+3H⁺+3CI⁻= Al³⁺+3Cl⁻ +3H₂O
Al(OH)₃+3H⁺= Al³⁺ +3H₂O
В. ZnCl₂ → Zn(OH)₂ → Zn(NO₃)₂
ZnCl₂ +2NaOH= Zn(OH)₂↓+2NaCI
Zn²⁺+2Cl⁻ +2Na⁺+2OH⁻= Zn(OH)₂↓+2Na⁺+2CI⁻
Zn²⁺+2OH⁻= Zn(OH)₂↓
Zn(OH)₂+2HNO₃ = Zn(NO₃)₂+2H₂O
Zn(OH)₂+2H⁺+2NO₃⁻ = Zn²⁺+2NO₃⁻+2H₂O
Zn(OH)₂+2H⁺ = Zn²⁺+2H₂O
Г. Na₂SO₄ → NaOH → NaCl
Na₂SO₄ + NaOH⇄Na₂SO₄ + NaOH
NaOH+HCI = NaCl+H₂O
Na⁺+OH⁻+H⁺+CI⁻ = Na⁺+Cl⁻+H₂O
OH⁻+H⁺ = H₂O
