Все науки в Византии объединялись под общим названием философия. Сюда причисляли богословие, математику, природоведение, этику, политику, правоведение, грамматику, риторику, логику, астрономию, музыку.
Развитие естественных наук, а также математики и астрономии, было подчинено потребностям практической жизни: ремесла, мореплавания, торговли, военного дела, сельского хозяйства. Значительных успехов достигли византийцы в медицине. Потребности медицины, а также ремесленного производства стимулировали развитие химии, об успехах которой свидетельствовало, в частности, изобретение византийцами «греческого огня» (горючая смесь, применявшаяся в военных целях во времена Средневековья. Впервые была употреблена византийцами в морских битвах. Точный состав "греческого огня" неизвестен) .
В Византии из всех наук наибольшего расцвета достигла история. Выдающимся византийским историком считается Прокопий Кесарийский, который жил в VI в. и был участником многих войн и походов в период правления императора Юстиниана. Он прославлял императора, его победы в войнах и масштабное строительство. Но в найденном позже труде “Тайная история” Прокопий разоблачал ужасные поступки Юстиниана, его жены Феодоры и ближайшего окружения.
В XI-XII в. работали выдающиеся византийские историки Михаил Пселл, Анна Комнина, Никита Хониат и др.
After each term in school we had our holidays. It's fun to have holidays, you can do whatever you like, you don't have to get up too early, do your homework or think of troubles which occur very often at school.Most of all I liked summer holidays, they were the longest ones, though, when winter was snowy and and frosty, I enjoyed my winter holidays skating and skiing, sledging and making a snowman or having a fight with snowballs.I'd like to tell you about my summer holidays I spent in Sochi. It was just three years ago. My parents and me were sitting in the living-room discussing our plans for the summer holidays. My father suggested that we should go to Sochi. On hearing that I jumped up with joy and said it was a wonderful idea. My mother wasn't against the idea either. So one summer morning we started for our journey to Sochi.First, we travelled to Odessa by plane and from there we got to Sochi by boat. We stayed in Odessa for three days, our relatives live there and they gave us board and lodging. So we had an excellent opportunity to go round the city, to see beautiful monuments to the famous people who had lived in Odessa, museums and the Odessa Opera House.We enjoyed our trip from Odessa to Sochi. The Black Sea was calm. We sat on deck in the lounge chairs and looked at the sea. I like Sochi very much, we bathed and went boating and swimming, lay in the sun on the beach. In the evenings we went for a walk or dropped in at a cafe to have ice-cream or juice.My father showed us the famous Botanical Gardens, we went for hikes in the mountains, we saw the magnificent Augura Waterfalls. The sea was nice and warm. The weather was fine. When it was time to go home, we were sorry to leave the marvellous town of Sochi.
