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From the history of the Railways of great Britain.
The history of Railways in great Britain began in the second half of the 18th century. Then the first Railways were horse-drawn and used to transport coal, wood and ore. Later on, horse-drawn Railways appeared in major cities and were used as passenger transport. However, they did not last long. In 1763. James watt invented the stationary steam engine and George Stevenson was one of the first to put a steam engine on wheels. He made another attempt: he designed a locomotive, but could not build it because he had no money. Some entrepreneurs decided to build a railway between Stockton and Darlington to see how Stevenson worked. The locomotive was working. On the day it was opened, a man on a horse was riding in front of the Church building. the engine shouted that the train was coming. Stevenson, who was driving his Locomotive, asked the rider to leave. He let off steam and ran his locomotive at a speed of 12 miles per hour mile per hour. This was the beginning of steam Railways. In 1829, "Liverpool" - the Manchester railway was built, and the railway company offered a prize of f500 for the best steam locomotive. The award was received by G. Stephenson with his famous train "the rocket". This locomotive was faster and stronger than the first, it could pull 13 tons and reached an incredible speed. "unheard of speed" - 29 miles (46 km) per hour. At first, many people were afraid of this phenomenon. way of communication. However, in 1842, steam Railways were already widely used in England. It should be said that the gauge was not the same on all Railways. The famous English language engineer Brunel believed that the wider the track, the easier it would be to run trains. Following his advice, the Great Western company built a railway network using a 7-foot gauge. This is why, for many years, there were two Ganges in England: the 7ft suggested by Brunel and the 4ft 8% inch suggested by Stevenson. This was inconvenient because where there was a sensor failure, a delay was caused and time was wasted. Angry people wrote to the Newspapers and demanded to change the broad gauge. At last the broad gauge House of Commons was called "the national evil"in the city. It was very pleasantly difficult to change the track, since the engines, cars, and wagons were made for broad gauge and the "battle of the gauge"had been going on for more than 30 years. It was not until 1892 that the Great Western Railway was converted to standard gauge.