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THE FIRST BALLOONS
Etienne and Joseph Montgolfier lived in the eighteenth century in a little village in France where their father had a paper factory. The two brothers took paper bags from their father, filled them with smoke over a fire and watched them go up into the air.
After numerous experiments they were ready to show how their balloon worked. On the day of the flight people from different places came to the little village to see the spectacle. The brothers had constructed a bag some thirty feet in diameter. That big bag was held over a fire. When it was filled with hot smoke, it went high up into the air. It was in the air for ten minutes and then, as the air bag became cold, the balloon went slowly down.
The news about the experiment reached the kind who wanted to see it himself. So on September 19, 1783 the Montgolfier brothers repeated their experiment in the presence of the presence of the King and Queen of France. This time the balloon carried a cage with a sheep, a cock, and a duck who were thus the first air travelers. The flight was successful. The balloon came down some distance off with the sheep, the cock and the duck completely unharmed.
If the animals could live through this, men could risk too. A month later a balloon was sent up with a Frenchman, rosier by name. He stayed up in the air for twenty-five minutes at a height of about one hundred feet above the ground, and then came down, saying that he had greatly enjoyed the view of the country.
A month later he and Arlandes made the first free balloon flight. Their friends who came to say goodbye to them were very sad because they thought the flight was very dangerous, but they went up several hundred feet, were carried by the wind over Paris and came down in safety. In 1785 a Frenchman and an American crossed the English Channel in a balloon. When they had covered three quarters of the way, the balloon began to go down. They threw everything they could overboard. They even undressed and threw away practically all their clothes. If they had not done it, they would have never reached the French coast safely.
1. The actors in a play, film or television show
b) Cast
2. The group of people who operate a ship or an airplane
d) Crew
3. The people who attend a performance
a) Audience
4. A group of people who work for an organisation or business
b) Staff
5. A group of theatrical performers
a) Troupe
6. A group of instrumentalists playing music
d) Band
7. a group of students who meet to be taught a subject
a) Class
8. a group of soldiers
d) Troop
9. A group of people who are to make rules and laws
b) Council
10. a group of criminals
d) Gang