Global Problems of Today
People have lived on our planet Earth for centuries and global problems have always existed. In ancient times the biggest global problem was wars. People have been fighting with each other since the beginning of the civilisation mostly to get new territories and more land. Later, fighting the distance was another global problem, too, before the discovery of the plane. Today, there are more global problems which can be divided into two categories: ecological problems and social, eco¬nomic and political issues.
The first category includes issues relating to ecological destruction, pollution and global warming as the result. The climate is changing and many people agree that climate change may be one of the greatest threats facing the planet. Many people think that a rise in temperature of about three or four degrees is not very much, but the effects are worse than it seems at first sight. Global warming has already killed off some types of animals and plants. There have been more and more heat waves in the summer, with many people dying in big cities. Rising sea levels are threatening whole nations on low-lying islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
The second category of global problems deals with social, economic and political issues. They include global terrorism, poverty, human rights, health issues, racism and many others.
We are faced with the problem of global terrorism and more and more countries are suffering from it. It is difficult to catch terrorists and prevent their acts. The most terrible terrorist attack took place on September 11, 2001 in the USA. The World Trade Centre, the pride of all Americans and one of the symbols of New York City, was destroyed completely and thousands of people died. The world was shocked and most countries decided to fight against terrorism. However, new terrorist attacks have been committed. Many innocent people still get killed and nobody can stop terrorists.
Poverty is another global problem. It may seem surprising, but most of humanity lives on just a few dollars a day now. The worst situation is in Africa where people (mostly children) die every day of hunger because they have nothing to eat. The poor also have less access to health, education and other services. Problems of hunger, malnutrition and diseases affect the poorest in society.
Another global problem is racism, when people of different races and different skin colour are humiliated and even killed. There are many organisations that fight social global problems, but this battle has lasted for a long time and it will take much time for the solution of all of them.
We live in the 21st century and humanity has made a great progress in technology, so I think that it is strange that we still have global problems, especially the ones that deal with social, economic and political issues. I am sure that they can be solved completely without any conflicts or wars.
Annotation to the master's thesis on the theme "environmental and economic problems of development of the oil and gas industry of the Caspian region of the Republic of Kazakhstan" on specialty 6М060800 "Ecology"
Relevance work.On today the mankind is on the threshold of global ecological crisis caused by unsustainable human activities. Therefore, at this stage, as ever, is becoming increasingly important to compliance with all environmental requirements for all entities. A modern economy is primarily to ensure the rational use of natural resources, which are necessary to perform in order to minimize negative environmental impact.
The purpose of this work.Consists in the study of ecological and economic problems and environmental protection measures in the oil and gas industry, also in the justification of the problems and prospects of oil and gas industry of the Caspian region.
To achieve the goals set forth the following scientific problems:
1) assess the oil and gas resources of the Caspian region;
2) describe the environmental problems;
3) to analyse the problems and prospects of oil and gas industry in the Caspian region;
Subject of research - economic and environmental problems of the Caspian oil and gas regions.
Scientific but a visa is not is developing a programme of measures for solving ecological and economic problems and assessment of prospects of development of the oil and gas industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Approbation of the work. The main provisions of this thesis presented the theses of the scientific-practical conference devoted to the 50th anniversary of T. Ryskulov T.Ryskulov "current state of the oil and gas sector in Kazakhstan"and in the article "Problems and perspectives of the Caspian oil and gas complex" magazine "the Bulletin of the Kazakh economic University"
Structure and volume thesis. corresponds to the research aims and objectives and includes an introduction, three sections, conclusion, the list of sources and literature.
In the introduction was described in the need to develop a qualitatively new approach to solving ecological and economic problems of development of the Caspian region. Such an approach should ensure the sustainable development of oil and gas complex of Kazakhstan, implying along with economic growth, the reduction of the technogenic load on the environment and observance of the rights of future generations to the use of natural resources of the country.
In the first Chapter was reviewed by the oil and gas complex development in the world.
The author suggested that oil and gas in the nearest future will remain the primary sources of energy for mankind, that oil and gas have played and will play an important role in human life. Despite the expansion of the use of nontraditional, renewable sources of energy in the foreseeable future, oil and gas will remain the major energy resources in all countries of the world. Another thing that will be a redistribution of roles between them: motor fuels derived from oil, will gradually be replaced with compressed and liquefied gases.
In the second Chapter was reviewed by the oil and gas complex development in the Republic of Kazakhstan, namely in the Caspian region, analyse the environmental problems of the region.
The third section describes the prospects of development of the oil and gas industry of the Caspian region.
In conclusion, on the basis of the conducted research, and analyze sources and literature on this subject, it is possible to make the following conclusions:
-in General, the oil complex currently has sufficient sources of investments for the realization of the considered directions of its development and oil and gas services - it is an effective instrument for the realization of geopolitical and geo-economic goals.
-protection of mineral resources envisages a complex of measures to prevent losses of oil in the ground due to low quality of sinking wells, violation of technology in developing oil fields and operation of wells, leading to premature irrigation or degassing reservoirs, flow of fluid between productive and neighboring levels and the destruction of oily rocks, casing and cement her.
-environmental protection provides for measures aimed at ensuring security of settlements, rational use of land and water, preventing pollution of surface and groundwater, air pollution, protection of forests, nature reserves, protected areas, etc.
1) every evening
2) look
3) right now
Объяснение:
Это всё в Present Simple. Present Simple - простое настоящее время. Present Simple обозначает действие в настоящем в широком смысле слова. Оно употребляется для обозначения обычных, регулярно повторяющихся или постоянных действий например Mark is writing a letter every evening