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• We use the present perfect (have + past
participle of the main verb) for: a) actions which
happened at an unstated time in the past and
continue up to the present. Kanat has lost his
gloves for sing b) experiences. I've tried surfing,
but I haven t tried canoeing ye.
We use the past perfect chod + past participle of
the main verb) for: a) actions that happened
before another action in the past. He had bought
u gultor month before we started the essons.
b) actions that finished in the past and whose
result was visible in the past. She was happy. She
had started a new hobby. The result was visible in
the past.) Compare: she is happy she has started
a new hobby. The result is in the present.)
Note: The past perfect is the past equivalent of the
present perfect
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