1. I used to work long hours. (Explanation: In the past, Victoria worked long hours but now she doesn't.)
2. I didn't use to have long hair. (Explanation: In the past, Victoria didn't have long hair but now she does.)
3. I didn't use to have many friends. (Explanation: In the past, Victoria didn't have many friends but now she does.)
4. I used to live in the countryside. (Explanation: In the past, Victoria lived in the countryside but now she doesn't.)
5. I used to wear glasses. (Explanation: In the past, Victoria wore glasses but now she doesn't.)
6. I didn't use to go jogging every morning. (Explanation: In the past, Victoria didn't go jogging every morning but now she does.)
Step-by-step solution:
1. Read the statement: "I don't work long hours any more."
2. Identify the past action and its change: "work long hours" changed to "don't work long hours."
3. Use the structure "used to" to express a past habit or action that has changed: "I used to work long hours."
4. Repeat the process for the remaining statements, adjusting the verb form accordingly.
5. Rewrite the statements using "used to" or "didn't use to" to describe the past actions that have changed.
1. Read the article and decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. The more responsibility you have, the higher your grade. - True
2. Nursing officers are the same as auxiliary nurses. - False
3. Students are paid less than auxiliary nurses. - True
4. A charge nurse is a man. - True
5. There are not many opportunities for British nurses to specialize. - False
6. Many nurses say that the job is rewarding, but the pay is low. - True
One-hundred and fifty years ago, nurses were unpaid, untrained, and unpopular, but then Florence Nightingale made nursing into a profession. The methods she introduced in the 1850s were copied all over the world, and now nursing is a career with a three- or four-year training, qualifications, grades, unions, and pensions.
In Britain, every nurse is on a grade. The grade depends on experience and skills, and each grade has different responsibilities and pay. On the bottom grade are unqualified auxiliary nurses who do the routine work on hospital wards. On the top grades are nursing officers, who are usually administrators. Auxiliary nurses are on the bottom grades, but student nurses get the lowest pay. However, students don't stay at the bottom of the pay scale forever. When they qualify, they start working on a middle grade. As they get experience, they can get promotion and move up the ranks to become staff nurse, then sister (charge nurse if a man), and perhaps eventually nursing officer.
Many nurses work shifts, and often they work overtime to earn more money. After basic training, many nurses choose to do further study and become specialists. Nurses can specialize in many different fields - there are triage nurses working in Casualty, and psychiatric nurses who treat the mentally ill. There are health visitors who visit patients in their own homes, practice nurses working in GPs' surgeries, and midwives who deliver babies. Many of them say they do not get enough pay and respect for the work they do. They say that the work is physically and mentally hard, that they work long hours and get very tired. But they also say that there are many great rewards which have nothing to do with money.
2. Number these jobs from the highest grade (1) to the lowest (4). Two of them are equal.
1. nursing officer
2. charge nurse
3. sister
4. staff nurse
4. auxiliary nurse
3. Find words in the article with these meanings.
1. exams and courses that you have taken - qualifications
2. money that you will receive when you are old - pension
3. similar work that you have done before - experience
4. special abilities - skills
5. levels of pay - grades
6. extra hours you can work to earn more money - overtime
7. study and practice to learn how to do a job - training
8. more advanced learning - further study
a) importance
b) scientific
c) unusually
d) scientist
e) underestimate
f) abilities
g) physicist
h) mathematician
i) connection
j) unsuccessfully