Log houses (izby) dotted the Russian countryside for centuries. Even now, many peasant’ houses in Russia retain the spirit of izby and remain part of the cultural landscape. The size of an izba depended on the wealth and size of the household. But however big or small it was, its important part was the stove. It was used for heating as well as cooking. The «red corner», another important part of the izba, where the table, the benches and the icons were hung. The decoration of the izba was often crowned with a beam (konoyk) that was carved in the shape of a horse’s head. This signified that the animal was giving its life to the home so that the home could live. Fortunately, many original izby have been preserved and restored and now regional open-air museums. Let us take mud huts. The small houses, mud huts, are built by Masai women. The Masai of Kenya live in an area of wild beauty. For houses they use materials that they find around them. Their small houses are circular buildings. They have a frame of wooden poles which are stuck together and made water-proof with mud, dung from their cattle, ash, sticks and urine. A fence of thorny acacia trees protects the small Masai village and their cattle from the wild animals.
The Mongolian ger is a very similar to a yurt, the first written description of this dwelling was recorded by Heridotus, the «father of history», who lived in Greece between 484 and 424 BC. The traditional ger is a tent-like structure made from wooden frame and felt walls. The ger is a comfortable place to live in both during severe winters and hot summers. Due to the opening in the centre of the roof, called the crown, fresh air circulates through the ger. When it is hot, the lower end of the soft covering is slightly raised. The unique design, structure and practical features make the ger the most common type of habitation in Mongolia. Surprisingly as it might seem, almost half of the population of Ulan Bator still lives in gers. ответить на вопросы по середине 8 вопросов
1. Internet is a global computer network, which embraces hundred of millions of users all over the world and helps us to communicate with each other. 2. The history of Internet began in the United States in 1969. 3. The Interner was designed as a project to help to survive during a nuclear war, when everything around might be polluted by radiation and it would be dangerous to get out for any living being to get some information to anywhere. 4. Modem is special device allowing your computer to send the information through the telephone line 5. Most of the Internet host computers are in the United States of America. 6. There is not the accurate nember of Internet users, because their number is growing 7. the most popular Internet service is e-mail 8. Other popular services are reading news, available on some dedicated news servers, telnet, FTP servers, etc. 9. The most important problem of the Internet is security. 10. there is no effective control in the Internet today because a huge amount of information circulating through the net. 11. There is a commercial use of this network and it is drastically increasing.
Two young artists, Sue and Johnsy, rent an apartment on the top floor of a house in New York's Greenwich Village, where artists have long settled. In November, Johnsy becomes pneumonia. The verdict of the doctor is disappointing: "She has one chance out of ten. And then, if she wants to live herself. " But Johnsy just lost interest in life. She lies in bed, looks out the window and counts how many leaves are left on the old ivy, which wrapped its walls against the wall. Jonesy is convinced: when the last leaf falls, she dies. Sue tells of the dark thoughts of a friend of the old artist Berman, who lives below. He is going to create a masterpiece for a long time, but while he does not stick to something. Hearing about Johnsy, old Berman was terribly upset and did not want to pose Sue, who wrote him a recluse gold digger. The next morning it turns out that there was only one leaf on the ivy. Johnsy watches him resist the gusts of the wind. It was getting dark, it started to rain, the wind blew even harder, and Johnsy did not doubt that next morning she would not see this leaf any more. But she is mistaken: to her great surprise, the brave leaf continues to fight with the storm. This produces a strong impression on Johnsy. She becomes ashamed of her cowardice, and she finds a desire to live. The doctor who visited her is celebrating the improvement. In his opinion, the chances of surviving and dying are already equal. He adds that the neighbor from the bottom also picked up pneumonia, but the poor man has no chance of recovering. Another day later, the doctor says that now life is out of danger. In the evening, Sue tells her friend sad news: in the hospital, old man Berman died. He caught a cold on that rainy night when ivy lost the last leaf and the artist painted a new one and, in the pouring rain and icy wind, attached it to a branch. Berman still created his masterpiece.
2. The history of Internet began in the United States in 1969.
3. The Interner was designed as a project to help to survive during a nuclear war, when everything around might be polluted by radiation and it would be dangerous to get out for any living being to get some information to anywhere.
4. Modem is special device allowing your computer to send the information through the telephone line
5. Most of the Internet host computers are in the United States of America.
6. There is not the accurate nember of Internet users, because their number is growing
7. the most popular Internet service is e-mail
8. Other popular services are reading news, available on some dedicated news servers, telnet, FTP servers, etc.
9. The most important problem of the Internet is security.
10. there is no effective control in the Internet today because a huge amount of information circulating through the net.
11. There is a commercial use of this network and it is drastically increasing.