An opportunity is when you're given circumstances that make it possible to do something / that make it possible for something to happen: Because Joe quit, I was given the opportunity to get a promotion. (Joe quitting are the circumstances, and now it's possible to get a job)
Chance can mean "the possibility of something happening" and "an opportunity to do something". But it usually means that you won't know the outcome of the chance.
"Take a chance," would mean, "make a gamble." "Give (it/me/them) a chance," means "give something an opportunity/try, even though you don't know what the outcome will be."
1) Paul is a singer in a band.
How long has he been singing?How many records has he recorded?2) Your friend Alan is learning to drive. What do you ask him?
How long have you been learning to drive?Have you bought a car yet?3) Jenny is a teacher.
How long have you taught?How many schools have you worked in?4) You meet your friend Sally outside the cinema. You ask her.
How long have you been waiting?5) Joey is getting married to Andrew next September. What do you ask
her?
How many guests have you invited?Have long have you known Andrew?6) You meet an old friend you haven't seen for ten years.
What have you been doing all this time?Where have you been?7) You know that Peter has been to the States several times.
How many times have you been to the States?