1. It was very difficult to answer such a question.
subject / подлежащее
2. To render surgical assistance is not an easy task.
subject / подлежащее
3. It is important to estimate correctly the nature of the patient’s condition and provide the treatment.
to estimate … provide (два инфинитива)
subject / подлежащее
4. To relieve the bronchial spasm is the chief aim in treating status asthmaticus.
subject / подлежащее
5. It is advisable to transfer blood directly into the patient’s bloodstream.
subject / подлежащее
6. After pneumoectomy, it is necessary to maintain a negative pressure on the affected side.
subject / подлежащее
2.
1. The volume of the patient’s nasopharynx is measured in order to select the pad of proper size.
an adverbial modifier of purpose обстоятельство цели
2. No one of the three men knew the language well enough to follow all his words.
an adverbial modifier of result обстоятельство результата
3. The plasma albumin and globulin serve to maintain the proper water content of the blood.
object дополнение
4. All necessary measures are taken to relieve the patient’s condition.
an adverbial modifier of purpose обстоятельство цели
5. To avoid complications the doctor usually takes into account the past history of the patient.
an adverbial modifier of purpose обстоятельство цели
6. External stimuli activate the cell membranes of nerve cells so as to release stored electrical energy within the cells.
an adverbial modifier of purpose обстоятельство цели
3.
1. To get adequate results the scientists carried out a series of experiments.
an adverbial modifier of purpose обстоятельство цели
2. To bring into practice all achievements of science was the main task of the clinical medicine.
subject подлежащее
3. To operate on the patient successfully the surgeon analyzed many identical cases.
an adverbial modifier of purpose обстоятельство цели
4. To operate on the patient successfully is the aim of every surgeon.
subject подлежащее
5. To prevent contamination a surgeon must cleanse the wound at once.
an adverbial modifier of purpose обстоятельство цели
6. To take too much medicine is always harmful.
subject подлежащее
7. To relieve pressure on the brain and treat this condition a catheter is used.
an adverbial modifier of purpose обстоятельство цели
a) are
b) 'm not
c) are
d) are
e) are
f) is
g) isn't
h) is