Graffiti from centuries and even millennia ago can reveal the grievances, passions, games, and ordinary business dealings of regular people from the long-lost past. Pompeii might be the most famous spot to find such scrawls, but it’s not the only place where bygone messages have been found. Here are seven examples of graffiti from the ancient world.
1. “I VISITED AND I DID NOT LIKE ANYTHING EXCEPT THE SARCOPHAGUS!”
A Chinese teen visiting Egypt prompted outrage when he wrote his name on the wall of the 3500-year-old Luxor Temple in 2013. But he was hardly the first traveler to commit such an offense—there’s a long tradition of leaving “I was here” graffiti while visiting Egyptian ruins. One team of researchers recently counted over 1000 inscriptions inside the tomb of pharaoh Ramesses VI in the Valley of the Kings—many of which were from Romans who visited the site 2000 years ago. Their ancient declarations include familiar complaints of disappointed tourists: “I visited and I did not like anything except the sarcophagus!” and "I cannot read the hieroglyphs!"
. A MENAGERIE OF WILD ANIMALS
A winged lion graffito at the Great Enclosure of Musawwarat es-Sufra
MUSAWWARAT GRAFFITI ARCHIVE // CC BY-SA 4.0
Crocodiles, elephants, rhinoceroses, baboons, and dogs are among the wild animals inscribed on the blocks of a labyrinth-like complex known as the Great Enclosure of Musawwarat es-Sufra. This monument, in modern-day Sudan, was part of the Kingdom of Kush when the drawings were made more than 2000 years ago. Some of the animals also include religious iconography, such as a lion with wings and crown said to represent the deity Apedemak. Archaeologists don't know the function of many of the rooms in the complex, but some have used the graffiti to support their theories about the purposes of different sections. They've proposed interpretations ranging from animal trading stations and elephant training grounds to a holding pen for prey that could be “hunted” by royals who needed to prove their abilities.
1. We went on a tramp last Sunday. 2. Will your brother go to the country with us next Sunday? 3. Granny isn't cooking dinner now. 4. We cooked our meals on a fire last summer. 5. My sister washs the dishes every morning. 6. When do you go to school? 7. What will you prepare for breakfast tomorrow? 8. Will you invite your cousin to stay with you next summer? 9. How did you help your sister last summer? 10. I will send a letter to my friend tomorrow. 11. Every morning on the way to school I meet my friends. 12. My friend go to the library every Wednesday. 13. He didn't go to the country yesterday. 14. Why did you went to the shop yesterday? 15. We will grow tomatoes next summer. 16. What are you doing now? 17. He is sleeping now. 18. Where did your father worked last year? 19. You will go to the south next summer! 20. He didn't watch TV yesterday. 21. Yesterday we were writing a test-paper. 22. I bought a very good book last Tuesday. 23. My granny didn't buy bread yesterday. 24. What will you buy at the shop tomorrow? 25. Don't make noise! Father is working.
Past Simple. 1.I saw a movie yesterday. 2.Last year I travelled to Japan. 3.Did you have dinner last night? 4.She washed her car. 5.I finished work,went to the beach and found a nice place to swim 6.He arrived to the airport at 18:00 7.I lived in Brazil for 2 years 8.They didn't stay at the party for the entire time. 9.I studied French when I was a child. 10.Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid? 11.Elsa was very shy as a child. 12.I cooked a pie in our new oven. 13.Did you go to the school yesterday? 14.They were so talkative at the meeting 15.I paid her for that information Present Simple 1.I wash my hands every day 2.Do you usually play the piano? 3.How much does it cost? 4.She doesn't play tennis 5.He never forgets his wallet 6.My father always gives me the change 7.Every 12 months the Earth circles the Sun 8.Cats like milk very much 9.London is the capital of the UK 10.New York isn't a small city 11.Birds go to the south every winter 12.The train leaves at 6:30 13.He needs help with his homework 14.My pencil case is pink
Ex-2
Graffiti from centuries and even millennia ago can reveal the grievances, passions, games, and ordinary business dealings of regular people from the long-lost past. Pompeii might be the most famous spot to find such scrawls, but it’s not the only place where bygone messages have been found. Here are seven examples of graffiti from the ancient world.
1. “I VISITED AND I DID NOT LIKE ANYTHING EXCEPT THE SARCOPHAGUS!”
A Chinese teen visiting Egypt prompted outrage when he wrote his name on the wall of the 3500-year-old Luxor Temple in 2013. But he was hardly the first traveler to commit such an offense—there’s a long tradition of leaving “I was here” graffiti while visiting Egyptian ruins. One team of researchers recently counted over 1000 inscriptions inside the tomb of pharaoh Ramesses VI in the Valley of the Kings—many of which were from Romans who visited the site 2000 years ago. Their ancient declarations include familiar complaints of disappointed tourists: “I visited and I did not like anything except the sarcophagus!” and "I cannot read the hieroglyphs!"
. A MENAGERIE OF WILD ANIMALS
A winged lion graffito at the Great Enclosure of Musawwarat es-Sufra
MUSAWWARAT GRAFFITI ARCHIVE // CC BY-SA 4.0
Crocodiles, elephants, rhinoceroses, baboons, and dogs are among the wild animals inscribed on the blocks of a labyrinth-like complex known as the Great Enclosure of Musawwarat es-Sufra. This monument, in modern-day Sudan, was part of the Kingdom of Kush when the drawings were made more than 2000 years ago. Some of the animals also include religious iconography, such as a lion with wings and crown said to represent the deity Apedemak. Archaeologists don't know the function of many of the rooms in the complex, but some have used the graffiti to support their theories about the purposes of different sections. They've proposed interpretations ranging from animal trading stations and elephant training grounds to a holding pen for prey that could be “hunted” by royals who needed to prove their abilities.
Ex-3
1-C
2-A
3-B