The Cosmonautics Memorial Museum This museum, the only one of its kind, situated inside an enormous monument to the explorers of the cosmos, is well worth the visit, not least for the nostalgia it should inspire in anyone who grew up in the heady days of the space race. The displays trace the history of space exploration, including the first interplanetary satellite flights, the first dogs in space and man's journeys to the cosmos. There's plenty of fun gadgetry, plus an excellently conceived display explaining how astronauts survive a space flight, all of which should be interesting for children. Apart from anything else, the shear aesthetic beauty of the displays should impress. The other-wordly sheen of the hi-tech materials used to construct space craft is extraordinary when seen close-up and, combined with a host of cosmos-themed artwork, the exhibition is a compelling reminder of the time when space exploration was still viewed unequivocally as mankind's last great adventure.
Once there was a princess. She was very intelligent and beautiful, but one day an evil sorceress has bewitched her into a flower. Her father, the king found out about it and put in a high tower behind bars wicked witch, and his daughter, in the guise of a flower placed on the roof of his castle that she would soak up the sun and become more beautiful. But then the next morning, the flower has grown to such proportions that broke the roof and hooked back behind the castle walls. Thus, this flower has created a sort of shield around the castle.This shield was made entirely from the leaves and vines. It looks very nice and it was good to protect the kingdom from evil spells
Вот русский вариант: Тула является одним из старейших городов России. Ее исторический возраст больше, чем у Москвы. Издревле этот край был населен славянским племенем вятичей. Об этом свидетельствует множество сохранившихся до наших дней курганов и городищ. Вятичи промышляли тем же, чем и многие их современники: возделывали землю, занимались ремеслом, торговлей. В течение первых столетий своего существования Тула ничем не отличалась от других населённых мест этого края. Это было небольшое, огорожено частоколом поселение - острог, расположенный на островке при слиянии рек Упы и Тулицы. Тула впервые упоминается в Никоновской летописи XVI века. Упоминая военные действия 1146 года в рассказе о том, как новгород-северский князь от воинственных братьев, скрылся в лесах вятичей и затем с оставшейся ратью ходил собирать дань с Тулы и других городов Никон говорит так: «Святослав Ольгович, идее в Рязань, и быв во Мценске и в Туле, и в Дубке, на Дону, и в Ельце, и в Пронске, и придя в Рязань на Оку». Из этого можно сделать вывод, что к моменту первого упоминания город уже существовал, однако установить хотя бы приблизительную дату основания города невозможно. Вполне вероятно, что возникновение поселения относится к XI—XII векам. Впрочем, некоторые историки, основываясь на том, что это упоминание является вставкой в текст, сделанной позднейшими летописцами XVI века, не признают достоверным такое свидетельство. Но и они не отрицают существования какого-то поселения на "старом городище", о котором упоминается в писцовых книгах, при впадении в Упу речки Тулицы. Так что вполне возможно, что история Тулы началась еще в IX-XI веках, когда та была одним из маленьких укрепленных поселений. А вот английский вариант: Tula is one of the oldest cities in Russia. Its historic age is greater than that of Moscow. Since ancient times, this region was inhabited by the Slavic tribe Vyatichi. This is evidenced by the set of surviving mounds and mounds. Vyatichi hunted the same things, and many of their contemporaries: cultivated land, engaged in trade, commerce. During the first centuries of its existence, Tula was no different from other populated areas of the province. It was a small, fenced stockade settlement - the prison, located on an island at the confluence of the river Upa and Tulitsa. Tula was first mentioned in Nikon's chronicle of the XVI century. Referring to the military action in 1146 in the story of how Novgorod-Seversky Prince to escape the militant brothers disappeared in the woods Vyatichi and then with the rest Ratiu went to collect tribute from Tula and other cities Nikon says: "Svyatoslav II of Kiev, the idea in Ryazan, and having been in Mtsensk and Tula, and Oaks, on the Don, and in Yelets and Pronsk, and come in Ryazan on Oka ". From this we can conclude that at the time the first mention of the city already existed, but have at least an approximate date of founding of the city impossible. It is likely that the origin of the settlement refers to the XI-XII centuries. However, some historians, based on the fact that this mention is inserted into the text by later chroniclers made the XVI century, do not recognize a valid certificate. But they do not deny the existence of some settlements in the "old fort", which is mentioned in the scribe books, at the confluence of the river Upa Tulitsa. So it is quite possible that the history of Tula began in the IX-XI centuries, when it was one of the small fortified settlements.
