Question

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Answer 1

Stevenson was born on November 13, 1850 in Edinburgh, in a family of engineers, beacons. Secondary education in the Edinburgh Academy, College - University of Edinburgh, where he first studied engineering, received in 1871 for his work "A new kind of flashing light for lighthouses" silver medal at the competition Scottish Academy, but then moved on to law school, graduating in 1875. After receiving the baptismal name Robert Louis Balfour, 18-year-old abandoned Balfour (mother's maiden name) in your name, and change the way of writing with Lewis at Louis. Argue that the conservative Thomas Stevenson disliked liberal named Lewis and decided to write the name of his son (whom the family almost never called Robert) in French, but pronounced in English. [1]

Another three years ill croup, which led to serious consequences. According to most biographers Stevenson suffered severe form of pulmonary tuberculosis (according to EN Caldwell, refers to the opinion of doctors who treated or searched the writer - severe disease of the bronchi). [1]

In his youth, wanted to marry Kate Drummond, the singer of the night tavern, but did not do so under pressure from his father. [1]

The first book, an essay, "Pentland uprising. Pages of history, in 1666, "brochure published an edition of one hundred copies on the money his father came out in 1866 (already shown great interest in the history of Stevenson's native Scotland). In 1873 he published the essay "The Road", wearing just a symbolic name (in spite of illness, Stevenson traveled a lot). After three years, together with a friend William Simpson, he made a journey by canoe along the rivers and canals of Belgium and France. In the French village of Barbizon, which became the center of the Barbizon school of art, founded by the late Theodore Rousseau already, where thanks to the railway line from Paris to urban communities coming young British and American artists, Stevenson met Frances (Fanny) Matilda Osborne. This married woman, a former senior Stevenson for ten years, was fond of painting and is therefore among the artists. Together with her sixteen year old daughter came to Barbizon (future stepdaughter Aysabel Osborn, later wrote works Stevenson dictation) and nine year old son (the future stepson and co-writer Lloyd Osbourne). [1]

Back in Edinburgh, Stevenson published a book of essays, "Journey into the country" (1878). The year before he had published in the journal "Temple Bar" his first work of fiction - the story "Overnight Francois Villon." In 1878, again, is in France, Stevenson writes combined cycles one hero stories "Suicide Club" and "Diamond Rajah", which from June to October, entitled "Modern Thousand and One Nights" is printed in the magazine "London". Four years later, a series of short stories (titled "New Arabian Nights") fails to publish a book. [1]

Finished the story of Prince Florizel (Florizel, Prince of Bohemia - incidentally, one of the heroes of "Winter's Tale" by Shakespeare), Stevenson made another journey - a place where a guerrilla war waged French Protestants. In June 1879 he published the book "Journey of a donkey" (donkey taschivshy luggage was his only companion). In the early XX century, this book young writers called "Journey to Sidney Colvin," not endorsing it as a close friend of the late Stevenson prepares to publish four-volume edition of the letters of the latter, which are subjected to this censorship. [1]

In August 1879 Stevenson received a letter from California to Fanny Osbourne. This letter has not been preserved; it is assumed that she reported her serious illness. Arriving in San Francisco, he found there Fanny; exhausted long and complex travel writers had to go to Monterey, where she moved. May 19, 1880 Stevenson married in San Francisco with Fanny, who managed to divorce her husband. In August, along with her and her children, he sailed from New York to Liverpool. On the ship, Stevenson wrote essays, compiled a book "Amateur Emigrant," and came back and created a novel "The House on the dunes." [1]

Stevenson had long wanted to write a novel, even tried to start, but all of his ideas and attempts to nothing lead. Watching his stepson something draws, stepfather himself carried away and made a map of the island invented. In September 1881 he began writing a novel, which originally wanted to call the "ship's cook." He wrote to his mother read. Stevenson's father offered his son to enter in a book chest Billy Bones and the barrel of apples.