Впервые алюминий был получен Велером в 1827 году действием металлического калия на хлорид алюминия. Однако, несмотря на широкую распространенность в природе, алюминий до конца XIX века принадлежал к числу редких металлов.
На воздухе алюминий покрывается тончайшей (0,00001 мм), но очень плотной пленкой оксида, предохраняющей металл от дальнейшего окисления и придающей ему матовый вид. При обработке поверхности алюминия сильными окислителями (конц. HNO3, K2Cr2O7) или анодным окислением толщина защитной пленки возрастает. Устойчивость алюминмя позволяет изготавливать из него химическую аппаратуру и емкости для хранения и транспортировки азотной кислоты. Алюминий легко вытягивается в проволоку и прокатывается в тонкие листы. Алюминиевая фольга (толщиной 0,005 мм) применяется в пищевой и фармацевтической промышленности для упаковки продуктов и препаратов.. НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ
Aluminum - the most raspostranenny metal in crust For the first time aluminum was received by Voeller in 1827 effect of metal potassium on aluminum chloride. However, despite prevalence in the nature, aluminum until the end of the XIX century belonged to number of rare metals. On air aluminum becomes covered by the thinnest (0,00001 mm), but very dense film of oxide protecting metal from further oxidation and giving it an opaque look. When processing a surface of aluminum strong oxidizers (конц. HNO3, K2Cr2O7) or anode oxidation thickness of a protective film increases. Stability алюминмя allows to manufacture of it the chemical equipment and capacities for storage and transportation of nitric acid. Aluminum is easily extended in a wire and rolled in thin sheets. Aluminum foil (thickness of 0,005 mm) is applied in food and pharmaceutical industry to packing of products and preparations. вроде так
Oh favorite writer Nikolai Nosov. I love to read his books. He writes very easily. These books are always uplifting. Nikolai Nikolaevich Nosov writes about children . Even though he makes fun of some quality, but does it kindly . He wrote edifying books , but at the same time , fun and adventure. The first time I learned about this author when I went through the bookcase. I saw a book which was written by Nikolay Nosov's stories. I really wanted to read it. After reading this book I wanted to read more. Since I found this book took a very long time but I still read Nikolai Nosov with the same pleasure . I hope that a lot of the guys support me and enjoy reading these books . I read a lot of books. They are all very interesting . Each new adventure, new error, new knowledge and certainly a new experience. Each of the books of Nikolai Nosov, interesting name. For Example: ,,Cucumbers,, . ,,Knock knock , dunno in Sunny city, dunno on the moon, mishkina kasha, telephone , Shura visiting grandparents, etc. I remember these books as Bear disassembled the phone, dunno how got into all sorts of trouble much more. Of course, each of the books are some interesting moments. Sometimes funny, sometimes scary, sometimes sad . These moments you remember, not once and certainly will again, laugh, sad and afraid . I love to read about dunno. He is kind , inconsiderate , frivolous , silly, funny, curious, thinks that he can do nothing not knowing. I advise everyone to read these stories. I'm sure you will enjoy it and that you want to read more of his stories. You will not regret
O.Henry The real name of the writer is William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina, the USA in the family of a doctor. His mother died when he was three. And his aunt who had a private school, stimulated his reading and storytelling. Porter worked as a clerk in his uncle's drugstore for 5 years. But he wanted to see a new places and he went to Texas. Soon he married and when a daughter was born, Porter was a happy father. But his happiness didn't last long. One day a theft of a thousand dollars was discovered at the Bank where he worked. But it wasn't he who had taken the money, and he left the town and went to Central America. But when he heard that his wife was very ill, he returned home. And was found guilty and put to the prison for 3 years. Porter very often thought about his little daughter. She was living with her relatives and was told that her father had gone far away, and would not return soon. And he want to make some Christmas present for his daughter. Porter decided to write a story and sent it to one of the American magazines. This story was published, and his daughter received a present. Porter had signed the story O'Henry - the first pen-name that came into his had. In 1901 he was released from prison . He continued to write short stories for different magazines. And very soon he became one of the most popular short-story writers in America. During the short period of his literary activity O.Henry wrote 273 short stories and one novel "Cabbages and Kings" . It's a great writer .
Впервые алюминий был получен Велером в 1827 году действием
металлического калия на хлорид алюминия. Однако, несмотря на широкую
распространенность в природе, алюминий до конца XIX века принадлежал к
числу редких металлов.
На воздухе алюминий покрывается тончайшей (0,00001 мм), но очень
плотной пленкой оксида, предохраняющей металл от дальнейшего окисления и
придающей ему матовый вид. При обработке поверхности алюминия сильными
окислителями (конц. HNO3, K2Cr2O7) или анодным окислением толщина защитной
пленки возрастает. Устойчивость алюминмя позволяет изготавливать из него
химическую аппаратуру и емкости для хранения и транспортировки азотной
кислоты.
Алюминий легко вытягивается в проволоку и прокатывается в тонкие
листы. Алюминиевая фольга (толщиной 0,005 мм) применяется в пищевой и
фармацевтической промышленности для упаковки продуктов и препаратов..
НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ
Aluminum - the most raspostranenny metal in crust For the first time aluminum was received by Voeller in 1827 effect of metal potassium on aluminum chloride. However, despite prevalence in the nature, aluminum until the end of the XIX century belonged to number of rare metals. On air aluminum becomes covered by the thinnest (0,00001 mm), but very dense film of oxide protecting metal from further oxidation and giving it an opaque look. When processing a surface of aluminum strong oxidizers (конц. HNO3, K2Cr2O7) or anode oxidation thickness of a protective film increases. Stability алюминмя allows to manufacture of it the chemical equipment and capacities for storage and transportation of nitric acid. Aluminum is easily extended in a wire and rolled in thin sheets. Aluminum foil (thickness of 0,005 mm) is applied in food and pharmaceutical industry to packing of products and preparations. вроде так