A crossword puzzle is a game of words where the player is given a hint and the number of letters. The player then fills in a grid of boxes by finding the right words. Liverpool journalist, Arthur Wynne invented the first crossword puzzle.Arthur WynneArthur Wynne was born on June 22, 1871 in Liverpool, England. He immigrated to the United States at the age of nineteen. He first lived in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and worked for the Pittsburgh Press newspaper. An interesting side-note, was that Wynne also played violin in the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra.Later, Arthur Wynne moved to Cedar Grove, New Jersey and started working for a New York City based newspaper called the New York World. He wrote the first crossword puzzle for the New York World, published on Sunday, December 21, 1913. The editor had asked Wynne to invent a new game for the paper's Sunday entertainment section.View a copy of Arthur Wynne's first crossword puzzleWord-Cross to Cross-Word to CrosswordArthur Wynne's first crossword puzzle was initially called word-cross and was diamond-shaped. The name later switched to cross-word, and then as a result of an accidental typo the hyphen was dropped and the name became crossword.Wynne based his crossword puzzle on a similar but much older game played in ancient Pompeii that translated from Latin to English was called Magic Squares. In Magic Squares, the player is given a group of words and has to arrange them on a grid so that the words read the same way across and down. A crossword puzzle is very similar, except instead of being given the words the player is given clues.Arthur Wynne added other innovations to the crossword puzzle. While the first puzzle wasdiamond-shaped, he later invented horizontal and vertical shaped puzzles; and Wynne invented the use of adding blank black squares to a crossword puzzle.The crossword puzzle in a British publication was published in Pearson's Magazine in February 1922. The first New York Times crossword was published on February 1 1930.First Book of Crossword PuzzlesAccording to the Guinness Book of Records, the first collection of crossword puzzles was published in the USA in 1924. Called The Cross Word Puzzle Book it was the first publication by a new partnership formed by Dick Simon and Lincoln Schuster. The book, a compilation of crossword puzzles from the newspaper New York World, was an instant success and helped to establish publishing giant Simon & Schuster, who continue to produce crossword books to this day.
My name is Anastasia. I’m fourteen years old. I’m fond of reading. Books take an important place in my life. I was taught to like and take care of books from the childhood. I find out much new, useful and interesting information from books. They teach me to take right decisions and apprehend school subjects better. I can find an answer to any interesting question in books. I get knowledge from them. I like to read books about the Middle Ages and also I like historical and fantastic works. I plunge into another world at once. Also I like scientific stories about animals and plants. The book is a medicine for soul. When I finish reading of a good book I always feel upset because of its fast end. One famous writer said that books are our friends. I completely agree with him. It seems to me that books take an important place in our life and they are necessary for everybody . Перевод Меня зовут Анастасия. Мне 14 лет. Я очень люблю читать. Книги в моей жизни имеют большое значение. Любить и беречь книги родители научили меня с детства. Из книг я узнаю много нового, полезного и интересного. Они учат меня принимать правильные решения и лучше воспринимать школьные предметы. В книгах я могу найти ответ на любой интересующий меня вопрос. Из них я черпаю новые знания. Люблю читать про средневековье, исторические и фантастические произведения. Я сразу окунаюсь в другой мир. Ещё мне нравятся научные рассказы о животных и растениях. Книга – лекарство души. Заканчивая читать хорошую книгу, я всегда жалею, что она так быстро закончилась. Один известный писатель сказал, что книги – это друзья. Я полностью с ним согласна. Мне кажется, что книги играют важную роль в жизни и необходимы каждому человеку.
