So...De-extinction is the process of creating an organism which is – or greatly resembles – a member of an extinct species (1). Contemporary biotechnology offers various promising alternatives for achieving this purpose, including the techniques that have already been applied to preserving endangered species (2). De-extinction requires an in-depth study of the biophysical conditions where the species can live and reproduce in relation to other species – including humans – and adapt to the environmental changes. In any case, risk and harm evaluation on the impact of the “re-birth” of species is necessary. There is a number of crucial ethical issues concerning de-extinction. They include the meanings of concepts such as “nature,” “species,” “evolution,” “biodiversity,” “death,” and “wildlife” in relation to human behavior and human impact on nature (3). In 2013, de-extinction became popular through press and public events; the National Geographic devoted a cover story to this topic and presented various possibilities and scenarios about the most suitable candidates. The Revive & Restore network, with the support of TED and in partnership with the National Geographic Society, convened the TEDxDeExtinction conference bringing together conservationists, genetic technology practitioners, scientists, and ethicists (http://www.ted.com/tedx/events/7650). Because the revival of extinct animals inspires imagination (4), de-extinction has been a topic of science fiction novels, such as John Brosnan’s Carnosaur (1984) and Michael Crichton’s Jurassic Park (1990) and their film adaptations.
Following a systematic philosophical and ethical analysis on animal de-extinction in the context of ecological restoration (3), this article analyzes de-extinction from the standpoint of bio-objectification and considers how de-extinction is a case of bio-objectification.
People decorate their homes at Christmas. They put up lights and illuminated Christmas figures outside their houses. Rooms are usually decorated with garlands, candles, wreaths and different Christmas plants such as mistletoe, holly and red amaryllis.
In the living room people put up a Christmas tree which is traditionally decorated with lights, bells, candy canes and tinsel. Beautifully packed presents are put under the Christmas tree. The traditional colours of decorations are green, red and gold.
ПЕРЕВОД:
В Великобритании Рождество празднуется 25 декабря. Это один из самых важных государственных праздников.
Люди украшают свои дома на Рождество. Снаружи вешают светящиеся гирлянды и ставят подсвеченные фигурки. Комнаты, как правило, украшены гирляндами, свечами, венками и различными рождественскими растениями, такими как омела, остролист и красный амариллис.
В гостиной ставят елку, которую традиционно украшают огнями, колокольчиками, леденцами и мишурой. Под елку кладут красиво упакованные подарки. Традиционные цвета рождественских украшений – зеленый, красный и золотой.