I already have seen him
We haven't seen for a long time
look! rain has started
Have you ever been in Krym? Yes, for three times
Don't wait for him! He has gone
Have they discussed this question?
What happened with him? He has got a cold
Haven't you seen this ballet before? I have seen it twice.
He has changed
We haven't met each other from the day of his vacation
I've know her from my childhood. She's my best friend
I've never heard this radio program before!
She is tiered! She had a busy day.
have you ever fight with your wife? No, we have lived together for a 5 years and didn't fight.
How long have been living here? All my life
They have own business for a 3 years
Thus is the 4th peal which you have today. What happened?
Have you lunch today? No, I have had breakfast at 9 and I haven't ate anything.
Not so long ago, the whole family visited Moscow, the capital of Russia. We decided to go there because there are many attractions that you can visit. We arrived there in the morning. We decided to visit the Maxim Gorky Central Park of culture and recreation. Entrance to the Park was free. The Park is located in a beautiful location on the coast of the Moscow river. The Park has many sculptures, fountains and attractions. Most of all, I liked the best Playground in Moscow, consisting of ten sectors, where it will not be boring to spend time not only for kids, but also for teenagers. In Gorky Park, we visited the Muzeon art Park, an open — air Museum of sculpture and paintings in Moscow. The Park was huge. Most of all, I liked the monument to Peter the great, which stands on the Moscow river. I really enjoyed the tour of Moscow, we will definitely go there again to see other attractions
При переводе прямой речи в косвенную, временные формы глаголов сдвигаются на шаг в кроме следующих случаев:
1. Слова автора в настоящем или будущем времени: He will say that he has been there before.
2. Действие в Past Perfect (Continuous) или Future-in-the-Past: He said that he felt happy after he had done it.
3. Обстоятельства времени не изменились: He said that he bought it yesterday.
4. Выражение всегда верно: The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.
5. Выражение верно длительный период времени: He said that he loves you.
6. Сообщение повторяется сразу: He said that the food is delicious.
7. Условные предложения 2 типа: He said that if he were you, he wouldn’t do it.
8. Желаемые события: She said she wished she were younger.
9. Глаголы should, ought to: She was said that he ought to quit smoking.
10. Must, если это совет, предположение или приказ: He guessed that they must be at home.
Временные формы могут не изменяться в случае:
1. Когда непосредственно указано время действия: They said that they began/had begun studying English in 2010.
2. Когда косвенно указано время действия: She said that she met/had met him when they were neighbours.
3. Когда излагающий согласен с мнением цитируемого: He said that India is a rich country.
(при несогласии: He said that India was a rich country).
При сдвиге временной формы глагола в в косвенной речи, по ситуации, изменяются обстоятельства места и времени, местоимения, а также, происходит отстранение от эмоций:
this – that, these – those, here – there, now - then (at that moment, at once, immediately), come – go, today – (on) that day, yesterday – the day before(earlier), tomorrow - (on) the next (following) day, last week – the week before, ago - before(earlier), next week – the next (following) week, now that – since, so – very, yes/no – answered in the positive/negative, he - that man, we - they.
Если из прямой речи лицо не известно, используется местоимение they, а в словах автора wanted to know:
He said: “Come here”. – He told them to come up to him.
He said: “Where are you going?” – He wanted to know/wondered where they we going.
Кроме слова said используются глаголы, выражающие характер прямой речи:
Для передачи общих вопросов используется if или whether.
Вопросительные предложения передаются с прямым порядком слов: He asked me if/whether they were at home.
В вопросительном предложении с глаголом-связкой порядок слов может быть обратным: He asked me what was the price.