Traditions in Russia and English-speaking Countries
Every country has its national holidays, but there are also holidays that are common for many countries. New Year’s Day is the first holiday of each new year. In Russia it is the most popular holiday, but in Europe and America people pay more attention to Christmas. The celebration begins on New Year’s Eve, that is, on the 31st of December. At home we all stay up until midnight and much later. We light coloured lamps on our New Year Tree and have a late dinner with cake and champagne. Sometimes we just watch TV, but we also go out for a late walk. Everybody gets presents. New Year’s Day is a family event. But in Russia we also have holidays commemorating some important events in our history, for example, Victory Day or Constitution Day. There are also holidays like May Day and Women’s Day which started as political events but over the years have become family holidays. Recently Russian people have begun to celebrate religious holidays again. The most important religious holidays are Christmas and Easter. In Russia, Christmas is celebrated on January 7th, and in Europe and in the USA on December 25th. In Great Britain there are also many holidays, some of them are the same as in our country, and some different. Bank Holidays, the peculiar English holidays, were appointed by Act of Parliament in 1871. They happen four times a year: Easter Monday, Whit Monday, the first Monday in August and December 26th. December 26th is Boxing Day. The “boxing” refers to the boxes of Christmas presents which are usually given on that day. Other public holidays are: Christmas Day, New Year’s Day, Good Friday and May Day. On these days all banks and all places of business are closed and nearly everyone takes a holiday. But besides public holidays, the British people observe certain traditions on such days as Pancake Day, Shrove Tuesday, Guy Fawkes’ Night, St. Valentine’s Day, April Fool’s Day, which, unless they fall on Sunday, are ordinary working days. In the USA constitution there is no provision for national holidays. Each state has the right to decide which holiday to observe. Many states have holidays of their own, but there are also major holidays observed in nearly all the states. The main holiday in the USA is Independence Day, celebrated on the fourth of July. On that day in 1776, the Declaration of
Independence was adopted. It is a patriotic holiday, celebrated with the firing of guns, and fireworks, parades and open-air meetings. Another traditional American holiday is Thanksgiving Day which falls on the fourth Thursday of November. It has been a national holiday since the 17th century, when the English colonists decided to celebrate the end of their first year in America and to give thanks to God. It is a family holiday with a large traditional dinner including turkey and pumpkin pie. There are other holidays in the USA besides Christmas, New Year and Easter, which are popular all round the world. 34 of the 50 states observe Columbus Day on October 12. It commemorates the discovery of America. Labour Day on the first Monday of September marks the end of the summer and of the vacations. There is also Memorial Day or Decoration Day observed on the 30th of May when Americans honour the servicemen who gave their lives in all the past wars and hold memorial services. Veterans’ Day on the 11th November is dedicated to the end of the First World War. This Day is observed not only in the USA and the UK but all over Europe and today is dedicated to war veterans and those who died in all wars. In Britain it is called the Remembrance Day and its symbol is a red poppy.
В моем доме очень уютно. Там есть все чтобы отдохнуть, расслвбиться. У нас есть большой диван в гостиной, напротив дивана плазменный телевизор. Также рядом с диваном стоят удобные кресла, где можно расположиться поудобнее. В спальне стоят мягкие кровати, на которых так приятно лежать. Около кровати стоит светильник. С его я могу читать прямо в кровати. Напротив кроватей стоит стол. На нем я играю в компьютерные игры и делаю уроки. Еще у меня в спальне есть балкон, на который можно выйти в любое время и насладиться свежим воздухом.. Ну как то так))
ПОДОХОДНЫЙ НАЛОГ Подоходный налог - это обычно прогрессивный налог, так как его ставка увеличивается по мере увеличения дохода. По этой причине он главным образом поддерживается теми, кто считает, что налогообложение должно касаться в большей степени богатых людей, чем бедных, даже если применяется в качестве формы социального перераспределения. Некоторые критики называют этот налог формой наказания за экономическую продуктивность. Другие критики настаивают, что подоходный налог в сущности социально деструктивный, так для его применения правительство вынуждено собирать большой объём информации о деловых и личных отношениях, большая часть которой является частной и конфиденциальной. Мошенничество с подоходным налогом - это проблема большинства, если не всех стран, где применяется подоходный налог. Люди либо не декларируют доход, либо декларируют несуществующие расходы. Отказаться от декларирования дохода проще всего, если за работы не выплачивается заработная плата, особенно наличными. Налоговые органы борются с мошенничеством, используя различные методы, в том числе компьютерные базы данных. Они могут, например, увидеть расхождение между декларируемым доходом и долго расходами. Налоговые органы делают отметки о проведении налогового аудита физических лиц - более-менее детального изучения доходов и расходов, уменьшающих объём дохода физического лица. Подоходный налог может удерживаться с юридических лиц (например, компаний), а также с физических лиц (индивидуалов), хотя в некоторых случаях подоходный налог взимается с юридического лица на других основания по сравнению с физическим лицом, и может называться в случаях применения к компаниям налогом с корпораций или налогом на прибыль организаций.
Traditions in Russia and English-speaking Countries
Every country has its national holidays, but there are also holidays that are common for many countries. New Year’s Day is the first holiday of each new year. In Russia it is the most popular holiday, but in Europe and America people pay more attention to Christmas. The celebration begins on New Year’s Eve, that is, on the 31st of December. At home we all stay up until midnight and much later. We light coloured lamps on our New Year Tree and have a late dinner with cake and champagne. Sometimes we just watch TV, but we also go out for a late walk. Everybody gets presents.
Independence was adopted. It is a patriotic holiday, celebrated with the firing of guns, and fireworks, parades and open-air meetings.New Year’s Day is a family event. But in Russia we also have holidays commemorating some important events in our history, for example, Victory Day or Constitution Day. There are also holidays like May Day and Women’s Day which started as political events but over the years have become family holidays.
Recently Russian people have begun to celebrate religious holidays again. The most important religious holidays are Christmas and Easter. In Russia, Christmas is celebrated on January 7th, and in Europe and in the USA on December 25th.
In Great Britain there are also many holidays, some of them are the same as in our country, and some different. Bank Holidays, the peculiar English holidays, were appointed by Act of Parliament in 1871. They happen four times a year: Easter Monday, Whit Monday, the first Monday in August and December 26th. December 26th is Boxing Day. The “boxing” refers to the boxes of Christmas presents which are usually given on that day. Other public holidays are: Christmas Day, New Year’s Day, Good Friday and May Day. On these days all banks and all places of business are closed and nearly everyone takes a holiday.
But besides public holidays, the British people observe certain traditions on such days as Pancake Day, Shrove Tuesday, Guy Fawkes’ Night, St. Valentine’s Day, April Fool’s Day, which, unless they fall on Sunday, are ordinary working days.
In the USA constitution there is no provision for national holidays. Each state has the right to decide which holiday to observe. Many states have holidays of their own, but there are also major holidays observed in nearly all the states.
The main holiday in the USA is Independence Day, celebrated on the fourth of July. On that day in 1776, the Declaration of
Another traditional American holiday is Thanksgiving Day which falls on the fourth Thursday of November. It has been a national holiday since the 17th century, when the English colonists decided to celebrate the end of their first year in America and to give thanks to God. It is a family holiday with a large traditional dinner including turkey and pumpkin pie.
There are other holidays in the USA besides Christmas, New Year and Easter, which are popular all round the world. 34 of the 50 states observe Columbus Day on October 12. It commemorates the discovery of America. Labour Day on the first Monday of September marks the end of the summer and of the vacations. There is also Memorial Day or Decoration Day observed on the 30th of May when Americans honour the servicemen who gave their lives in all the past wars and hold memorial services. Veterans’ Day on the 11th November is dedicated to the end of the First World War. This Day is observed not only in the USA and the UK but all over Europe and today is dedicated to war veterans and those who died in all wars. In Britain it is called the Remembrance Day and its symbol is a red poppy.