Є декілька в класифікації солей:
За кислотою, якій відповідає ця сіль (хлориди, фосфати, нітрати)
За середовищем : Середні (нормальні) солі, Кислі солі, Основні солі
Солі за своїм складом поділяються на середні, кислі, основні та подвійні.
· середні (нормальні);
Утворюються при повному заміщенні атомів Гідрогену в молекулах кислот атомами металів. Наприклад, Na2CO3, BaCl2.
· кислі;
Утворюються при неповному заміщенні атомів Гідрогену в молекулах кислот атомами металів. Наприклад, NaHCO3, KH2PO4.
· основні;
Утворюються при неповному заміщенні гідроксильних груп в молекулах основ кислотними залишками. Наприклад, MgOHCl, BaOHBr.
· подвійні;
Утворюються при заміщенні атомів Гідрогену в молекулах кислот двома різними металами. Наприклад, KAlSO4, K2NaPO4.
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Исходя из относительной их плотности находим молярные массы и формулы:
М(О2) = 32 г/моль
D=M(X)/M(O2); M(X) = D*M(O2)
ω(C) = 85,7% или 0,857
ω(Н) = 14,3% или 0,143
М(С)=12 г/моль
М(Н) = 1 г/моль
1) М = 32 г/моль*0,875 = 28 г/моль
m(C) = 28 г*,857 = 24
n(C) = m/M = 24 г/12 г/моль=2 моль
m(H) = 28 г- 24 г = 4 г
n(H) = m/M = 4 г/1 г/моль = 4 моль
Формула С2Н4
2) М = 32 г/моль*1,313 = 42 г/моль
m(C) = 42 г*0,857 = 36 г
n(C) = m/M = 36 г/12 г/моль=3 моль
m(H) = 42 г- 36 г = 6 г
n(H) = m/M = 6 г/1 г/моль = 6 моль
Формула С3Н6
3) М = 32 г/моль*1,75 = 56 г/моль
m(C) = 56 г*0,857 = 48 г
n(C) = m/M = 48 г/12 г/моль=4 моль
m(H) = 56 г- 48 г = 8 г
n(H) = m/M = 8 г/1 г/моль = 8 моль
Формула С4Н8
4) М = 32 г/моль*2,19 = 70 г/моль
m(C) = 70 г*0,857 = 60 г
n(C) = m/M = 60 г/12 г/моль=5 моль
m(H) = 70 г- 60 г = 10 г
n(H) = m/M = 10 г/1 г/моль = 10 моль
Формула С5Н10