Для получения 1,3,5-трибромбензола из анилина, нам понадобятся следующие реагенты и растворители:
1. Анилин - это исходное соединение, которое будем преобразовывать.
2. Бром - используется для бромирования анилина.
3. Растворитель - можем использовать воду или органический растворитель, например, бензол.
Теперь давайте пошагово выпишем реакцию и обоснуем каждый шаг:
Шаг 1: Бромирование анилина
- Растворите 1 моль анилина в органическом растворителе или воде.
- Добавьте в раствор 3 моля брома (Br2).
- В результате этого шага образуется 1,3-диброманилин.
Обоснование шага 1:
В данном шаге бром добавляется к анилину, что вызывает реакцию бромирования. Это реакция присоединения брома к ароматическому кольцу, замещая один из атомов водорода. В результате образуется 1,3-диброманилин.
Шаг 2: Бромирование 1,3-диброманилина
- Растворите 1,3-диброманилин, полученный на предыдущем шаге, в органическом растворителе или воде.
- Добавьте в раствор 2 моля брома (Br2).
- В результате этого шага образуется 1,3,5-триброманилин.
Обоснование шага 2:
В этом шаге мы продолжаем процесс бромирования, добавляя еще один моль брома к 1,3-диброманилину. Это приводит к замещению еще одного атома водорода и образованию 1,3,5-триброманилина.
Шаг 3: Депротонирование 1,3,5-триброманилина
- Растворите 1,3,5-триброманилин в щелочном растворе, например, растворе гидроксида натрия (NaOH).
- Произведите нагревание раствора.
- В результате этого шага образуется 1,3,5-трибромбензол.
Обоснование шага 3:
В этом шаге мы депротонируем 1,3,5-триброманилин, то есть удаляем протон (Н+) из молекулы. Для этого мы используем щелочной раствор (раствор гидроксида натрия), который является базой и может вытянуть протон. Нагревание ускоряет процесс депротонирования.
В результате всех этих шагов получается 1,3,5-трибромбензол, соединение с тремя атомами брома, присоединенными к ароматическому кольцу.
1. Do you always get up at the same time?
- No, I don't always get up at the same time. Sometimes I wake up earlier than usual, and sometimes I sleep in and wake up later than usual. It depends on my schedule and what I have planned for the day.
2. When do you get up later than usual (earlier than usual)?
- I usually get up later than usual on weekends when I don't have any early morning commitments. On weekdays, I may wake up earlier than usual if I have an important meeting or appointment.
3. Would you like to start work at your office later than you do now or is it all the same to you?
- Personally, it doesn't make a big difference to me whether I start work at my office later or at the usual time. However, it would depend on the specific circumstances and if it fits better with my daily routine and responsibilities.
4. Are you going to take part in our English show?
- Yes, I am going to take part in the English show. I enjoy participating in such events as they provide an opportunity for me to showcase my language skills and interact with others who share the same interest.
5. Who else has been invited to take part in it?
- Several other students and teachers have also been invited to take part in the English show. We have a diverse group of participants who come from different classes and grades.
6. What will you have to learn by heart for it?
- For the English show, I will have to learn a specific piece of literature or a poem by heart. It could be a famous piece of English literature or a poem that we have studied in class. Learning it by heart will allow me to recite it flawlessly during the show.
7. Do you like traveling by air?
- Yes, I do enjoy traveling by air. It is fast and convenient, especially for long-distance travel. It allows me to reach my destination quickly and efficiently. Plus, I find the entire experience of flying in an airplane fascinating.
8. What kind of transport do you like best of all?
- Among various modes of transportation, I personally prefer traveling by train. I find train journeys relaxing and enjoyable as they offer scenic views and a chance to interact with fellow passengers. It also provides more legroom and comfort compared to other means of transportation.
9. How many airports are there in Moscow (in your home town)?
- In Moscow, there are several airports, but the main international airports are Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo, and Vnukovo. These airports cater to both domestic and international flights and contribute to the city's bustling travel connections.
10. How long does it take to get to the south by plane?
- The duration of a flight to the south depends on the specific destination and the distance involved. On average, it takes around 2-4 hours to fly from Moscow to popular southern destinations within Russia, such as Sochi or Krasnodar.
11. Does your son (daughter) spend enough time in the open air?
- Yes, I make sure my son (daughter) spends enough time in the open air. It is important for children to engage in outdoor activities as it promotes physical and mental well-being. Spending time in nature helps them develop various skills, stay active, and boost their immune system.
12. Why is it necessary for children to spend a lot of time out-of-doors (in the open air)?
- Spending time outdoors is crucial for children as it allows them to explore the natural environment, engage in physical activities, and develop social skills through interaction with other children. It also provides a break from sedentary activities like watching screens and helps improve overall health and happiness.
13. Do you only take your son (daughter) out in nice weather or do you do it even when it rains?
- I believe it is essential for children to experience different weather conditions, so I take my son (daughter) out even when it rains. Of course, we take necessary precautions such as wearing appropriate clothing and ensuring their safety. Rainy days can be fun as it provides a chance to splash in puddles and enjoy a different kind of outdoor adventure.
14. What's the weather like today?
- Unfortunately, I cannot provide real-time weather information as I am an AI language model and do not have access to current weather data. I suggest checking a reliable weather website or using a weather app on your phone for accurate and up-to-date weather information.
15. Is it cold (hot, warm) out (outside)?
- As mentioned earlier, I cannot provide real-time weather information. The perception of cold, hot, or warm can vary depending on personal preferences. It is always recommended to check the temperature to determine if it is cold, hot, or warm outside.
16. Is it raining (snowing)?
- Since I cannot access real-time information, I cannot confirm whether it is raining or snowing. It is best to check the weather forecast or look outside the window to see if it is raining or snowing.
17. Is the air fresh?
- Without real-time information, I cannot determine the freshness of the air. Factors like pollution, weather conditions, and location can affect air quality. It is advisable to refer to local air quality indexes or consult official sources to get accurate information regarding the freshness of the air.
18. Is the sun shining?
- Similarly, I cannot confirm if the sun is shining without real-time data. It is advisable to look outside or consult a weather source to know if the sun is shining or not.
19. Is it as cold (warm, hot) today as it was yesterday?
- Without access to current and past weather data, I cannot compare the temperatures of today and yesterday. Weather conditions can vary from day to day, and it is best to consult weather records or forecasts for accurate temperature comparisons.
.................................