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Humanities › English
The Difference Between Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives
Verbals in English Grammar: Definitions, Examples, and Exercises
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By
Richard Nordquist
Updated July 17, 2019
A verbal is a word derived from a verb that functions in a sentence as a noun or modifier rather than as a verb. In other words, a verbal is a verb that acts like a different part of speech.
Verbals include infinitives, gerunds (also known as -ing forms), and participles (also known as -ing forms and -en forms). A word group based on a verbal is called a verbal phrase. Each of these verbals is often part of a phrase, which includes related modifiers, objects, and complements.
What Are Participles?
A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective to modify nouns and pronouns, as in this example:
The children, crying and exhausted, were guided out of the collapsed house.
Crying is a present participle, formed by adding -ing to the present form of the verb (cry). Exhausted is a past participle, formed by adding -ed to the present form of the verb (exhaust). Both participles modify the subject, children. All present participles end in -ing. The past participles of all regular verbs end in -ed. Irregular verbs, however, have various past participle endings—for instance, thrown, ridden, built, and gone.
A participial phrase is made up of a participle and its modifiers. A participle may be followed by an object, an adverb, a prepositional phrase, an adverb clause, or any combination of these. For example, in the following sentence the participial phrase consists of a present participle (holding), an object (the torch), and an adverb (steadily):
1) I am going to say (write) a few words about a book (story) I have recently read.
Я собираюсь сказать(написать) несколько слов о книге (рассказе), который я недавно прочитал.
2) The book (story) is written by the well-known English (American, French, Russian, etc) writer of the ….. century …… (name of the writer).
Это книга (рассказ) написана хорошо-известным английским (американским, французским, русским, и т.д.) писателем ……века……(имя писателя)
3) The title of the book (story) is …..
Название книги (рассказа) -……
4) It is a ……(type of the book).
Эта ……….(здесь указываете жанр, в котором написано произведение. См. в конце статьи)
5) The plot of the book is incredibly interesting (exciting/ intricate/ rather simple, something special).
Сюжет книги невероятно интересный (увлекательный/ запутанный/ довольно простой)
6) The book tells us about a……who …….(contents of the book in short)
Книга рассказывает нам о …(имя главного героя), который …. (краткое содержание книги).
7) There are some humorous (funny, sad, tragic, thrilling ) episodes in the book.
В книге много смешных (забавных, грустных, трагических, страшных) эпизодов.
8) I couldn’t help smiling (laughing, feeling sad/ nervous, crying) while reading it.
Я не могла не улыбнуться (сдержать смех, чувствовать грусть, слезы) во время чтения.
9) To cut a long story short,………(here the end of the book must be given)
Короче говоря, ….. (здесь излагаете вкратце, чем закончилась книга)
10) On the whole the book is good. It is worth reading.
В целом книга хорошая. Ее стоит почитать.
11) If you like …….(type of the book), I advise you to read it.
Если вы любите …. (указываете жанр), я советую вам прочитать ее.
Напишите рецензию на книгу, которую вы читаете сейчас