Our amazing planet is mysterious and extraordinary. It is full of unique phenomena and mysteries. Every day nature pleases us with beautiful sunsets, autumn cobwebs, and a starry sky. Someone enjoys the morning dew, others breathe the frosty air while admiring the white canvas of hoarfrost. But often nature amazes and makes admire such phenomena that literally fascinate or, conversely, induce terrible fear.
You can observe various natural phenomena in different places on Earth. For example, aurora can be seen in the Northern Hemisphere. For the first time the northern lights saw the Scandinavian peoples, deciding that this is a manifestation of the wrath of the gods. In fact, the aurora has an electrical origin. Millions of charged particles collide in air molecules thereby forming a glow. Thanks to oxygen, light is reflected in yellow, green, red. Blue and purple are formed with nitrogen.
Rainbow is the most joyful and amazing phenomenon of nature. A rainbow can be observed immediately after a rain, in the form of reflection of sunlight in water droplets that remain in the air after a rain. The light is refracted and gives us seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple. Rainbow is also double.
The inhabitants of the earth very often can observe an amazing cosmic phenomenon - star rain or stargazing. If you look at the sky, we will see a lot of luminous points that fly from top to bottom towards our planet. During the flight, these points, like her small stars, leave behind a trail of luminous stripes. They do not reach the earth, and burn in the atmosphere in the form of a bright flash. In fact, as scientists explain, falling bodies are not stars, they are meteors. Meteor rain is formed annually during the collision of the Earth with the cosmic flow of meteor particles.
Перевод
Наша удивительная планета загадочна и необычайна. Она полна уникальных явлений и загадок. Природа радует нас изо дня в день красивейшими закатами, осенней паутинкой, звездным небом. Кто-то наслаждается утренней росой, другие вдыхают морозный воздух любуясь белым полотном инея. Но нередко природа поражает и заставляет восхищаться такими явлениями, которые буквально очаровывают или наоборот, наводят жуткий страх.
Наблюдать разные природные явления можно в разных местах Земли. Например полярное сияние можно увидеть на территории Северного полушария. Впервые северное сияние увидели скандинавские народы, решив, что это проявление гнева богов. На самом деле полярное сияние имеет электрическое происхождение. Миллионы заряженных частиц сталкиваются в молекулами воздуха, тем самым образуя свечение. Благодаря кислороду свет отражается в желтом, зеленом, красном цветах. Синий и фиолетовые цвета образуется с азота.
Радуга самое радостное и удивительное явление природы. Радугу можно наблюдать сразу после дождя, в виде отражения солнечного света в капельках воды, которые сохраняются в воздухе после дождя. Свет преломляется и дарит нам семь цветов: красный, оранжевый, жёлтый, зелёный, голубой, синий, фиолетовый. Радуга также бывает двойной.
Жители земли очень часто могут наблюдать удивительное космическое явление - звёздный дождь или звездопад. Если смотреть на небо, мы будем видеть множество светящихся точек, которые летят сверху вниз по направлению к нашей планете. Во время полета эти точки, похожие на маленькие звезды, оставляют за собой след светящихся полос. Они не долетают до земли, и сгорают в атмосфере в виде яркой вспышки. На самом деле, как объясняют учёные, падающие тела не являются звёздами, это метеоры. Метеорный дождь образуется ежегодно во время столкновения Земли с космическим потоком метеорных частиц.
The invention that swept the world and changed leisure habits for countless millions was pioneered by Scottish-born electrical engineer John Logie Baird. It had been realised for some time that light could be converted into electrical impulses, making it possible to transmit such impulses over a distance and then reconvert them into light.
Motor Car (Late 19th Century)
With television, the car is probably the most widely used and most useful of all leisure-inspired inventions. German engineer Karl Benz produced the first petroldriven car in 1885 and the British motor industry started in 1896. Henry Ford was the first to use assembly line production for his Model Т car in 1908. Like them or hate them, cars have given people great freedom of travel.
Electricity
The name came from the Greek word for amber and was coined by Elizabeth I's physician William Gilbert who was among those who noticed that amber had the power to attract light objects after being rubbed. In the 19th century such great names as Michael Faraday, Humphry Davy, Alessandro Volta and Andre Marie Ampere all did vital work on electricity.
Photography (Early 19th Century)
Leonardo da Vinci had described the camera obscura photographic principle as early as 1515. But it was not until 1835 that Frenchman Louis Daguerre produced camera photography. The system was gradually refined over the years, to the joy of happy snappers and the despair of those who had to wade through friends' endless holiday pictures.
Telephone (1876)
Edinburgh-born scientist Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention of the telephone in 1876. The following year, the great American inventor Thomas Edison produced the first working telephone. With telephones soon becoming rapidly available, the days of letter-writing became numbered.
Computer (20th Century)
The computer has been another life-transforming invention. British mathematician Charles Babbage designed a form of computer in the mid-1830s, but it was not until more than a century later that theory was put into practice. Now, a whole generation has grown up with calculators, windows, icons, computer games and word processors, and the Internet and e-mail have transformed communication and information.
Aeroplane
The plane was the invention that helped shrink the world and brought distant lands within easy reach of ordinary people. The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible and the American Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903.