is sheet metal forming
and where it can be used? 3. What is close-die forging? 4. What is forging? 5. What are the types of forging? 6. What types of hammers are used now? 7. Where are coining and upsetting used? 8. What process is used in wire production? 9. Describe the process of making the roof of a Drawing consists of pulling metal through a die. One type is wire drawing. The diameter reduction that can be achieved in one die is limited, but several dies in series can be used to get the desired reduction. Sheet metal forming Sheet metal forming is widely used when parts of certain shape and size are needed. It includes forging, bending and shearing. One characteristic of sheet metal forming is that the thickness of the sheet changes little in processing. The metal is stretched just beyond its yield point (2 to 4 percent strain) in order to retain the new shape. Bending can be done by pressing between two dies. Shearing is a cutting operation similar to that used for cloth. Each of these processes may be used alone, but often all three are used on one part. For example, to make the roof of an automobile from a flat sheet, the edges are gripped and the piece pulled in tension over a lower die. Next an upper die is pressed over the top, finishing the forming operation, and finally the edges are sheared off to give the final dimensions. Forging Forging is the shaping of a piece of metal by pushing with open or closed dies. It is usually done hot in order to reduce the required force and increase the metal's plasticity. Open-die forging is usually done by hammering a part between two flat faces. It is used to make parts that are too big to be formed in a closed die or in cases where only a few parts are to be made. The earliest forging machines lifted a large hammer that was then dropped on the workpiece, but now air or steam hammers are used, since they allow greater control over the force and the rate of forming. The part is shaped by moving or turning it between blows. Closed-die forging is the shaping of hot metal within the walls of two dies that come together to enclose the workpiece on all sides. The process starts with a rod or bar cut to the length needed to fill the die. Since large, complex shapes and large strains are involved, several dies may be used to go from the initial bar to the final shape. With closed dies, parts can be made to close tolerances so that little finish machining is required. Two closed-die forging operations are given special names. They are upsetting and coining. Coining takes its name from the final stage of forming metal coins, where the desired imprint is formed on a metal disk that is pressed in a closed die. Coining involves small strains and is done cold. Upsetting involves a flow of the metal back upon itself. An example of this process is the pushing of a short length of a rod through a hole, clamping the rod, and then hitting the exposed length with a die to form the head of a nail or bolt.
. My brother is still in the hospital now?
e) An
f) The
g) A
h) –
2. Please seat … you like.
e) What
f) Whatever
g) Anywhere
h) Somewhere
3. My brother can… speak four foreign languages.
e) May
f) Can
g) Must
h) Shouldn’t
4. What are… they doing?
e) Is
f) Am
g) Do
h) Are
5. It rained yesterday
E) Had rain
F) Is raining
G) Rained
H) Rains
6. Choose the correct form of the verb. The Declaration of Independence was written on the 4th of July in 1776 by the American colonists.
a) was written
b) is written
c) have been written
d) had been written
7. Guess the most picturesque and most moving ceremony in Wales. This holiday calls upon the people of Wales each year to send forth its singers and poets to take part in this colourful tournament. answer c)
a) Easter
b) New Year
c) Eisteddfod
d) Naadam
8. Choose the correct form of the verb. I had lunch at last. Now we can go to the cinema.
a) Had
b) Have
c) have head
d) have been having
9. Choose the correct variant. "Why didn't you go to the museum with us, Dick?" the teacher asked. Answer b)
b) The teacher asked why Dick hadn't gone to the museum with them.
10. Choose the correct form of the verb. If I get up early tomorrow morning, I will go jogging.
a) will get up, go
b) got up, am going
c) get up, will go
d) am getting up, will go
11. Choose the correct form of the verb.
The wind ..has blowing. so much that they couldn't put up their tent.
a) is blowing
b) blew
c) has been blowing
d) has blowing
12. Choose the correct form of the verb. By the time he got to the coach station the express bus to Liverpool ... had left.
a) Left
b) had left
c) has left
d) would leave
13. Find an exstra adjective. Articles can be Fascinating... .
a) Exciting
b) Fascinating
c) Thick
d) Witty
14. Choose the appropriate words. Television keeps,... us informed about the ...recent events at home and abroad.
a) keeping, recent
b) keeps, recent
c) keeps, recently
d) keeping, recently
15. Choose the correct variant.
"Why didn't you go to the museum with us, Dick?" the teacher asked. Answer B
a) The teacher asked why Dick didn't go to the museum with them.
b) The teacher asked why Dick hadn't gone to the museum with them.CORRECT
c) The teacher asked why didn't Dick go to the museum with them.
d) The teacher asked why hadn't Dick gone to the museum with them.
16.
My parents have been to Astana many times.
e) Were
f) Was
g) Been
h) have been
17. You are reading this text now.
e) Are reading
f) Has read
g) Is reading
h) Was reading
18. They stayed with us last Christmas.
e) To stay
f) Stays
g) Stayed
h) Was staying
19. There Will be … a lot of work to do tomorrow.
e) Are going to
f) Will be
g) Was
h) Shall
20. The weather is Better than it was last month.
e) The better than
f) The best than
g) As better as
h) Better than
21) Do you want to come to the playground us?
a) Noun
b) Verb CORRECT
c) Adjective
d)Adverb
22) Mam baked cookies for us.
a) Noun CORRECT
b) Verb
c) Adverb
d) Adjective
23) Suzie and John are planning to get married and …have…… a lot of children.
a) have CORRECT
b) make
c) bring
d) get
24) Choose the correct answer. I bought…. A new bike yesterday.
a) bought CORRECT
b) Have bought
c) buy
d) have
25) Choose the correct answer. Can you tell me…Where the station is?
a) Where CORRECT
b) wear
c) were
d) What