Question

Прочитайте текст. подчеркните в тексте сказуемые и определите их залог (активный или пассивный) и время. justice the english have given the world the system of english law that has its origins in anglo-saxon times. two of its hallmarks are its preference for customary law (the common law), and its system of application by locally appointed part-time magistrates, by locally chosen juries, and by the travelling judges going from one county town to another on circuit. other aspects of the english law are the fundamental assumption that an accused person is deemed innocent until proved guilty and the independence of the judiciary from intervention by crown or government in the judicial process. the legal system is divided into civil and criminal courts. the house of lords is the ultimate court of appeal for both civil and criminal cases. at the base of the criminal court system, the magistrates’ courts try more than 97 percent of the criminal cases. more serious criminal cases then go to the crown court, which has 90 branches in different towns and cities. in 1971 the crown courts replaced the individual courts, and it is now a single court that may sit anywhere in england, deal with any trial on indictment, and hear appeals and proceedings either on a sentence or on civil matters. civil cases are dealt with in county courts. certain cases may be referred to the european court of justice in luxembourg. the legal system of great britain also includes juvenile courts which deal with offenders under seventeen, and coroners’ courts which investigate violent or unnatural death. tribunals deal with professional standards, disputes between individuals, and between individuals and government departments.

Answer 1

JUSTICE

The English have given (Present Perfect Active) the world the system of English law that has (Present Simple Active) its origins in Anglo-Saxon times. Two of its hallmarks are (Present Simple Active) its preference  for customary law (the common law), and its system of application by locally appointed part-time magistrates, by locally chosen juries, and by the travelling judges going from one county town to another on circuit. Other aspects of the English law are (Present Simple Active) the fundamental assumption  that an accused person is deemed (Present Simple Passive) innocent until proved guilty and the independence of the judiciary from intervention by crown or government in the judicial process. The legal system is divided (Present Simple Passive) into civil and criminal courts. The House of Lords is (Present Simple Active) the ultimate court of appeal for both civil and criminal cases. At the base of the criminal court system, the magistrates’ courts try (Present Simple Active) more than 97 percent of the criminal cases. More serious criminal cases then go (Present Simple Active) to the Crown Court, which has (Present Simple Active) 90 branches in different towns and cities. In 1971 the Crown Courts replaced (Past Simple Active) the individual courts, and it is (Present Simple Active) now a single court that may sit (Present Simple Active) anywhere in England, deal with (Present Simple Active) any trial on indictment, and hear (Present Simple Active) appeals and proceedings either on a sentence or on civil matters. Civil cases are dealt with (Present Simple Passive) in County courts. Certain cases may be referred (Present Simple Passive) to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. The legal system of Great Britain also includes (Present Simple Active) juvenile courts which deal with (Present Simple Active) offenders under seventeen, and coroners’ courts which investigate (Present Simple Active) violent or unnatural death. Tribunals deal with (Present Simple Active) professional standards, disputes between individuals, and between individuals and government departments.