By the end of the first quarter of the XXI century. according to one of the UN forecasts, annual urban population growth in developing countries will amount to approximately 90 million people. This leads to the absorption of agricultural land by cities. But it is in most developing countries, where often (especially in Africa), part of the urban population is engaged in agriculture, that the growing shortage of agricultural land is especially painful. Such a "sprawl" of cities also worsens the environmental conditions of urban areas in developing countries. An important effect on the state of the environment is provided by the surface arrangement in the areas of their location. This, in particular, is shown by the examples of a number of large centers in Latin America. Many of them are located high in the mountains. They are surrounded by mountain ranges, which complicates the natural ventilation of the air basin and the removal of pollutants. In addition, in high-altitude agglomerations, where a significant part of the population of Mexico, Central America and the Andean countries is concentrated, incomplete combustion of fuel occurs due to rarefied air. For this reason, compared with flat cities, air emissions increase: carbon monoxide by 60%, nitrogen oxide by 50%. For the capital of Mexico, the petrochemical smog was a real disaster - dry creeping and smoky fog. "Smog" often lasts for several days and causes great harm to the health of the population of the Mexican metropolitan area.
The environmental conditions of cities in developing countries are affected by the weakness of water management and limited water supply. It is characteristic that in most of them the water consumption per inhabitant is only slightly higher than the biologically necessary level. Moreover, water quality, as a rule, does not meet international standards. This is often also characteristic of areas with significant water resources. Even in Latin America, where water management is at a higher level than other regions in developing countries, only about 2/3 of the urban population is provided with water from special networks. But water quality is often low due to various contaminants.
А: Nastya, do you remember that today our national team plays with the national team ofNetherlands?
Н: of course I do. I think, it will be a very exciting match, because the Russian national team has never qualified for the knock-outs of European Championship. As for theNetherlands, it is very strong team, it won all its matches on the group-stage. I really don’t know who is going to win today. What do you feel about it?
А: My feeling is that our team won’t give up up to the end of the match. Switch TV on, please. The game is about to start. Both teams are on the field yet. How many fans at the stadium today! I wish I were among them now.
Н:Russiakicks off, and they will attack from right to left in the first half. I suppose, our team will score a goal first. Our forwards are rather young and energetic. Don’t you agree?
А: I do. Besides our goalkeeper is very talented, though he is the youngest goalkeeper of that tournament. Well, I should say, that after 20 minutes the game is equal. Our footballers don’t hurry.
Н: Oh, look! Number 8 of our team sends a powerful long-range shot at the goal! It’s a pity, he did it above the bar. Who is number 8?
Объяснение:
2 - I wrote a letter to Alice and Susan's grandfather
3 - What is this policeman doing now?
4 - What was she doing when the telephine rang?
5 - I wish I have a dog
6 - if he asks me about it? I will tell him everything
7 - she did not write a test because she had already written it
8 - my grandfather have been working in this hospital for nine years
9 - I have visited that museum five times
10 не поняла, что имеется в виду. Она жила в Омске на протяжении 2005 лет?