Типология девиантного поведения Мертона основывается на представлениях о девиации как разрыве между культурными целями и социально одобряемыми их достижения. В соответствии с этим он выделяет четыре возможных типа девиации:
-инновация, предполагающая согласие с целями общества и отрицание общепринятых их достижения (к «инноваторам» относятся проститутки, шантажисты, создатели «финансовых пирамид», великие ученые);
-ритуализм, связанный с отрицанием целей данного общества и абсурдным преувеличением значения их достижения, например бюрократ требует, чтобы каждый документ был тщательно заполнен, дважды проверен, подшит в четырех экземплярах, но при этом забывается главное — цель;
-ретретизм (или бегство от действительности), выражающийся в отказе и от социально одобренных целей, и от их достижения (пропойцы, наркоманы, бомжи и т.п.);
-бунт, отрицающий и цели, и но стремящийся к их замене на новые (революционеры, стремящиеся к коренной ломке всех общественных отношений).
Abai KUNANBAYEV
(1845 - 1904)
The great Kazakh poet. Born July 29 (August 10) in 1845 Chingiz mountains (now the village Guard Abay district of Semipalatinsk region) in the family of the senior Sultan Kunanbaja Uskenbaeva. He received a good education in the Humanities. He studied at the madrasah Imam Ahmet-Vestments in Semipalatinsk, where he taught Arabic, Persian and other Oriental languages. Also studied in the Russian parish school, violating the ban madrasah. After five years of study he began to write poetry in imitation of the Eastern poets. Baby nickname Abai, which means "careful, thoughtful, he received from the mother, making it subsequently his literary pseudonym. With 13 years of age his father taught him to understand clan battle, which was the administrative functions of the head of the clan. To 20 years was known as a good orator and administrator. In 28 years, retired and was engaged in self-education. Wrote poetry, first ascribe authorship to his friend Kokay Jantasov, studied Russian culture, worked in a public library. Met with Russian political exiles that have influenced the formation of his worldview. By this time, is the beginning of his translation of the work he puts in Kazakh works of Pushkin, Lermontov, Krylov, foreign classics, says Kazakh songs on words of excerpts from Eugene Onegin. His most famous Elegy, put on music,stories, widely known in the world's classics. Poetry Abaya is characterized by simplicity and elegance . His poetry is characterized by a deep philosophical meaning and civic sound. Famous poems about the seasons - Spring (1890), Summer (1892), first signed his own name poet Abai, Autumn (1889), Winter (1888). : Abai was and composer, scholar and connoisseur of folk he writes about the major social and cultural issues of the Kazakh people, describing the nomadic life of Kazakhs, nature, calls to deal with ignorance. From 1890 to 1898, and recorded their thoughts in prose. In 1933, a Book was published words. In recent years experienced deep loneliness. After the premature death of his sons in 1895 and 1904. During the life of only a few verses Abaya saw the light on the pages of Newspapers. Only in 1909 - 5 years after his death in St. Petersburg published a collection of his works under the title Poems Kazakh poet Kunanbaev Ibra
I olso like breakfasts in our canteen. I'd like to buy ice-cream,and chocolate.
After school I go for a walk with my friends,they are really nice! Together we are good team.
ПЕРЕВОД
Я Джим. Я не люблю школу,но иногда - школа бывает очень(или реально) интересной. В школе я очень люблю читать. Этим летом я прочитал 5 больших книг.
Также я люблю завтраки в нашей столовой. Я люблю покупать мороженное,и шоколад.
После школы я иду гулять с моими друзьями,они реально забавные! Вместе мы хорошая команда.