Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Kazakhstan’s distinct regional patterns of settlement depend in part on its varied ethnic makeup. Slavs—Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians—largely populate the northern plains, where they congregate in large villages that originally served as the centres of collective and state farms. These populated oases are separated by wheat fields or, in the more arid plains to the south, by semideserts and deserts where sheep breeders live in temporary quarters, usually yurts (round tents with sturdy pole frames covered by heavy felt).
Kazakh nomads formerly obtained their schooling and manufactured goods from Russian towns such as Troitsk, Orenburg, and Omsk, or, in the south, from the ancient cities of Transoxania, the Fergana Valley, and eastern Turkistan. After the Russian conquest established military governors and administrators in Alma-Ata (now Almaty), Uralsk (Oral), Yaik, and elsewhere, Kazakhstan began in the 19th century to develop its own cities. Qaraghandy (Karaganda), Öskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk), and Rūdnyy (Rudny), which are typical Soviet planned towns, have straight, wide streets and multistoried buildings and accommodate industry around their fringes.
Second Conditionals выражают ситуации, действие которых в настоящем или будущем являются нереальными.
1. If he runs, he'll get there in time.- First Conditional
Если он побежит, то доберётся туда во время.
2. They would be rather offended, if I didn't go to see them.- Second Conditional
Они были бы весьма обижены, если бы я не пришёл увидеть их.
3. If you took more exercises, you would feel better. Second Conditional
Если бы ты делал больше упражнений, то чувствовал бы себя лучше.