1. the poincaré conjecture.
in 2002, the russian mathematician grigori perelman proved the poincaré conjecture. this is a very serious discovery in mathematics. it was one of the seven tasks of the millennium. for this work, he received the prestigious fields medal, an analogue of the nobel prize in mathematics.
2. quantum clock.
quantum clocks are the most accurate chronometer in the world, surpassing all previously existing ones. nobel laureates of 2012 serge arosh and david wineland made a discovery that allowed to overcome the quantum barrier.
3. the discovery of eris.
the eris is the second after the massive pluto massive dwarf planet of the solar system. it was the discovery of eris from pluto that ceased to be the ninth planet, and passed into the category of "dwarf".
4. created the first synthetic bacterial cell.
in 2010, scientists from the craig venter institute created the first fully synthetic chromosome with the genome. when it was embedded in a bacterial cell devoid of genetic material, it began to function and divide according to the laws prescribed by the new genome.
5. higgs boson.
this was experimental evidence of the existence of the higgs boson. the practical significance of the discovery of the higgs boson is that scientists are opening up prospects for the development of anti-gravity and the development of engines that do not require energy to operate.
I think summer is the best season of all because it is warm, the nature is beautiful and we have great opportunities for rest. Summer is a time of holidays. We can go anywhere, spend our time near a river or a lake on fresh, green grass, swim in warm water, or climb mountains, play different games, ride a bicycle and so on.
I spend my summer holidays at my granny’s. There are many things there to do. What I did most of the time - I swam in the sea and sunbathed. Sometimes I made a fire with my friends at the seaside and cooked potatoes there. It was wonderful. We told anecdotes to each other, and did everything we wanted. I also got used to walk alone in the forest.
When August was coming to its end, I went on a small voyage by ship. The ship name was “Sevastopol”.
But this summer wasn’t for me only sugar and honey. I have passed through the graduating exams after school and entering exams in the university. So the bigger part of my summer vacations I spent sitting with the books. Of course, it was not interesting, but I’m glad that I did it because now I’m a student of the best university in our country.
Перевод:
Я думаю, лето - самое лучшее время года, потому что тепло, вокруг очень красиво и у нас есть чудесная возможность отдохнуть. Лето - время отпусков и каникул. Мы можем поехать куда угодно, проводить время у реки или озера на свежей зеленой траве, плавать в теплой воде, или подняться в горы, или играть в различные игры, кататься на велосипеде и т.д.
Я провожу летние каникулы у моей бабули. Там есть чем заняться. Большую часть времени я плавал в море и загорал. Иногда я разжигал с друзьями костер на берегу и мы пекли в нем картошку. Это было замечательно. Мы рассказывали друг другу анекдоты, и делали все, что хотели. А еще я часто ходил один в лес.
В конце августа я поехал на небольшую морскую прогулку. Судно называлось "Севастополь".
Но этим летом я не только развлекался. Я через выпускные экзамены в школе и вступительные экзамены в университете. Так что большую часть летних каникул я провел за книгами. Конечно, это было не очень интересно, но я рад, что я через это, потому что теперь я - студент лучшего университета нашей страны.