I think summer is the best season of all because it is warm, the nature is beautiful and we have great opportunities for rest. Summer is a time of holidays. We can go anywhere, spend our time near a river or a lake on fresh, green grass, swim in warm water, or climb mountains, play different games, ride a bicycle and so on.I spend my summer holidays at my granny’s. There are many things there to do. What I did most of the time - I swam in the sea and sunbathed. Sometimes I made a fire with my friends at the seaside and cooked potatoes there. It was wonderful. We told anecdotes to each other, and did everything we wanted. I also got used to walk alone in the forest.When August was coming to its end, I went on a small voyage by ship. The ship name was “Sevastopol”.But this summer wasn’t for me only sugar and honey. I have passed through the graduating exams after school and entering exams in the university. So the bigger part of my summer vacations I spent sitting with the books. Of course, it was not interesting, but I’m glad that I did it because now I’m a student of the best university in our country.
Вычислим вероятность того, что с полки взяли 2 не учебника. Тогда искомая вероятность есть дополнение этой вероятности до 1.
Вероятность достать не учебник первый раз равна (10-3)/10 = 7/10. Вероятность достать не учебник во второй раз равна (9-3)/9 = 6/9 = 2/3 (второй раз книга берется в случае, если в первый взяли не учебник. На полке осталось 9 книг, из них по-прежнему 3 - учебники).
Полная вероятность равна произведению вероятностей этих вариантов: 7/10 · 2/3 = 7/15.
Значит, вероятность получить среди 2 книг учебник равна 1 - 7/15 = 8/15 > 1/2(!).
--- Можно сосчитать и напрямую. Варианты достать учебник с полки у нас такие: 1. Достать учебник и учебник. Вероятность равна 3/10 · 2/9 = 1/15 = 2/30. 2. Достать учебник и книгу. Вероятность равна 3/10 · 7/9 = 7/30. 3. Достать книгу и учебник. Вероятность равна 7/10 · 3/9 = 7/30.
