I. Переведите следующие предложения, выделите причастия: 1. Electroplating was invented in Russia, its iventor being Russian scientist Yacobi. 2. The bridge having been repaired, we were able to cross the river. 3. Electrons moving through a wire, electrical energy is generated. 4. The vapour pressure of a liquid becoming equal to atmospheric pressure, the liquid boils. 5. Water has a higher specific heat than most of other common substances, the specific heat of iron being approximately one-ninth the heat of water. 6. Any moving object is able to do work, the quantity of kinetic energy depending on its mass and velocity. 7. The temperature of a wire being raised, the random motion of the electrons increases. 8. The current flow having been changed, the direction of the magnetic lines of force also changed. 9. The substance being a dielectric, no current can flow through it. 10. Gases are light substances, the lightest of them being hydrogen.
II. Переведите текст; обратите внимание на перевода независимого причастного оборота, выделите в тексте причастия, определите их (participle 1 or 2) укажите время и залог причастий. Найдите в тексте инфинитив и герундий, выделите (другим цветом): ELECTRIC CURRENT GENERATION The term "electric current" is used to mean electricity which flows through a conductor, a direct current being a current which flows in one direction only. There are four principal ways by which a direct current can be generated, viz.: 1) chemical action; 2) thermal or heat action, the word thermal, coming from the Greek word "therme" which means "heat"; 3) light action; 4) magnetic action. To set up a current by chemical action, an alkali or an acid is used to react with a metal. Such an apparatus is called an electric cell, a group of two or more cells connected together forming a battery. To produce a current by thermal action, heat is applied to two unlike metals soldered together in two places, the apparatus of this kind being called a thermoelectric couple or thermocouple, for short. We get the prefix "thermo" from "thermal", the origin of the last word having been mentioned above. The word "couple" in this term means that two unlike metals or metals and alloys are joined together so that they can be properly heated in the point of the joint. The reason the thermocouple generates a current is due to the fact that the heat tears the electrons off of the negative metal at the junction, just as the chemical action of an electric cell tears the electrons off of the zinc electrode. It is these electrons that form the current flowing through the circuit. To develop a current by light action, light is made to fall on a special kind of a cell, the apparatus to be used in such a case being called a photoelectric cell. Finally, in order to generate a current, a wire is made to cut, that is, to pass through a magnetic field, this latter being set up either by a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. Where the wire cuts through the magnetic field of a permanentьmagnet, the apparatus is called a magneto-electric machine or just "magneto", for short. The wire cutting through the magnetic field of an electromagnet, the apparatus is called a dynamo electric machine, or "dynamo", for short. In general there are a number of ways by which electric currents can be generated by magnetic action, all of them being based on the same principle, that of cutting the magnetic lines of force with a conductor.
