Everybody’s worried about the high levels of pollution in cities at the moment … and a lot of it is because of exhaust emissions* from cars, motorbikes, lorries, buses and taxis. Luckily, some cities are coming up with some creative solutions!
Все беспокоятся по поводу высокого уровня загрязнения в городах в настоящий момент… по большей части из-за выбросов выхлопных газов машин, мотоциклов, грузовиков, автобусов и такси. К счастью, многие города нашли творческие решения!
A new type of public transport has been appearing in British cities over the last few years – 3-wheeled environmentally-friendly rickshaws from Asia. They run on natural gas and are called tuk-tuks because of the sound their engine makes. Each colourful tuk-tuk has its own individual design on it, such as a Union Jack, and even has a hood and curtains to keep out the rain and cold. These mini taxis can go at speeds of up to 56 km per hour, and are a huge hit with both tourists and locals.
За последние несколько лет в Британских городах появляется новый вид транспорта – 3-х колесные экологичные рикши из Азии. Они работают на природном газе и называются тук-туками из-за звука, который издают их двигатели. Каждый разноцветный тук-тук имеет свой собственный индивидуальный дизайн, например «Юнион Джек», и даже имеет верхнюю накидку и занавески от дождя и холода. Эти мини-таки могут ездить со скоростью до 56 километров в час, и являются большим хитом у туристов и местных.
If you go to Paris, don’t be surprised if you see a lot of people riding grey bikes with metal baskets on the front up the Champs Elysees! Since summer 2007 there have been thousands of bikes available to rent on the streets of Paris. The idea is simple – you buy a cheap pass for a day or a week, pick up a bike from one of 750 ‘docking stations’, ride it to your destination and then put it back at another docking station. Now traffic is down, noise is down, pollution is down, parking is much easier and everyone from tourists to businessmen in suits get around the city on two wheels!
Если вы поедете в Париж, не удивляйтесь, если вы увидите многих людей, едущих на серых велосипедах с металлическими корзинами спереди по Елисейским полям! С лета 2007 года на улицах Парижа можно взять напрокат тысячи велосипедов. Идея проста – вы покупаете дешевый талон на день или неделю, выбираете велосипед из 750 “док-станций”, едете до своего пункта назначения и потом ставите его на место в другой док-станции. Теперь движение низкое, уровень шума низкий, уровень загрязнения низкий, парковаться стало легче, и все – от туристов до бизнесменов – передвигаются по городу на двух колесах!
the general philosophical meaning is a social form of the movement of matter, which ensures its stability and the ability to self-develop through self-regulation of exchange with the environment (human civilization on the scale of a cosmic device);
historical and philosophical significance — the unity of the historical process and the totality of the material, technical and spiritual achievements of humanity in the course of this process (human civilization in the history of the Earth);
the stage of the world historical process associated with the achievement of a certain level of sociality (the stage of self-regulation and self-production with relative independence from nature, differentiation of public consciousness);
a society localized in time and space. Local civilizations are integral systems that represent complexes of economic, political, social and spiritual subsystems, and develop according to the laws of vital cycles[1
One of the first to introduce the term "civilization" into scientific use was the philosopher Adam Ferguson, who meant by the term a stage in the development of human society, characterized by the existence of social strata, as well as cities, writing, and other similar phenomena. The stadial periodization of world history (savagery — barbarism — civilization) proposed by the Scottish scientist enjoyed support in scientific circles in the late XVIII-early XIX century[2], but with the growing popularity of the plural — cyclical approach to history in the late XIX-early XX century, the general concept of "civilizations" increasingly began to mean "localcivilizations"[3
1.He thought before to answer
2. I Have finished, saying that I will return soon
3.I started to write a lot in order to boost up orphography
4.He came with the first train while he received a letter from brother
5.He found a lot of interesting issues while reading this book
6.He waited for several seconds before answering
7.He returned to his own room after having a breakfast
8.He put the newspaper on the table while didn't look to his wife